ABSTRACT
Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the common non- viral sexually transmitted infections that infect both men and women worldwide. It is largely asymptomatic and its association with the risk of HIV transmission has made it a compelling public health concern. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with T. vaginalis among asymptomatic undergraduate students at Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 246 asymptomatic students of Babcock University between February 2019 to April 2020. Information on socio-demographic and associated risk factors was obtained by structured-questionnaire in an interview-based manner. First-void urine was collected from each participant for the detection of T. vaginalis using the traditional wet prep method and TV in-pouch. The data were analyzed by SPSS Version 23. Results: The overall prevalence of T. vaginalis among the participants was 12.2% (30/246). The use of wet-preparation showed 8.5% (21/246) while the use of TV inpouch yielded 12. 2% (30/246) prevalence of positive results. The results of the wet prep in comparison to the in-pouch technique was statistically significant among the study population. (P < 0.001). Sexual intercourse, use of hormonal contraceptives and practice of internet-based sex seeking behaviour were factors that had increase likelihood of T. vaginalis infection on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The occurrence of T. vaginalis and, its associated risk factors among the asymptomatic population in this study is very high. We advocate for the screening of young people.
ABSTRACT
Background: Molecular diagnosis though faster and more sensitive than phenotypic techniques, is more expensive. Resource limited settings are thus limited to using more of phenotypic rather than molecular methods in the routine detection of Extended Spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL). Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of double disc synergy test (DSST) and Epsilometer (E) test with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and to detect the risk factors associated with ESBL producing organisms among in-patients at Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria. Methodology: Hospital-based cross-sectional study in which bacterial isolates of 165 in-patients were collected fromMarch 2018 to September 2019. The isolates were evaluated for ESBL production by the use of DDST, Etest and PCR. The performance evaluation was done. Questionnaire was used to assess the risk factors associated with ESBL, IBM SPSS Version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: The participants' isolates yielded 50/165 (30.3%) that were ESBL positive by DDST, 47/165 (28.9%) by E-test and 48/165(29.1%) by PCR. Sensitivity and specificity of DSST was 100% and 98.3% while that of E-test was 98% and 100% respectively. Age, antibiotics intake without prescription, being on ventilator, urethral catheterization and nasogastric tubes were all significantly associated with presence of ESBL (p value <0.05). Conclusion: Phenotypic tests remain reliable for the routine detection of ESBL in the absence of molecular methods. Rational use of instrumentation and antibiotics is advocated based on the risk factors detected from this study.
