ABSTRACT
Antiproliferative activity was confirmed in the various extracts of rhizomes of Hedychium flavescens (Zingiberaceae). The phytochemical investigation of the rhizomes of Hedychium flavescens led to the isolation of four labdane diterpenes. Their structures were established as coronarin E (1), C-14 epimers of isocoronarin D (2), C-15 epimers of coronarin D methyl ether (3) and isocoronarin D (4). The structure of the compounds was identified based on spectroscopic analysis and on comparison with literature reports. All these compounds were assessed for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell line and showed significant cytotoxicity as reflected in IC50 value, that is, 0.52, 0.59, 0.68 and 1.22 µM compared with the control doxorubicin (IC50 0.92 µM). Moreover, all the compounds were nontoxic towards the normal lung fibroblast (WI-38) cells. The chemo-profiling and cytotoxicity study of Hedychium flavescens is reported for the first time.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Diterpenes/chemistry , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Rhizome/chemistry , Zingiberaceae/chemistry , A549 Cells , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Doxorubicin/standards , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Humans , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
In this study, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) thin films incorporated with biofabricated silver nanoparticles were used to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. For this, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were generated using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SJ14 culture (MAgNPs) and extract from Curcuma aromatica rhizome (CAgNPs). The AgNPs were further characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and antibiofilm activity of AgNPs against S. mutans were also assessed. Here, MAgNPs were found to have superior antimicrobial activity when compared to CAgNPs. The MAgNPs and CAgNPs also demonstrated 99% and 94% inhibition of biofilm formation of S. mutans at concentrations of 3 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL, respectively. The AgNPs were further incorporated into PMMA thin films using solvent casting method. The thin films were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Subsequently, both PMMA/MAgNPs and PMMA/CAgNPs nanocomposite thin films were subjected to antimicrobial and antibiofilm analysis. The microbicidal activity was found to be higher for the PMMA/MAgNPs thin film, which highlights the potency of microbially synthesized AgNPs as excellent agents to inhibit cariogenic bacteria from colonising dental restorative material.
