Is Neutral Zone, Patients Comfort Zone? A Feedback Review.

The technique of neutral zone is useful. It is the convergence of many concepts and ideas into a feasible and functional method. The technique aims to build a denture in accordance with the underlying oral structures that are formed by muscle function. It acts as an alternative technique in case of highly atrophic ridges. With a history of denture instability, it is most successful. This paper seeks to provide information with an enclosure of a patient input study to use the technique.

Genomic insights of Vibrio harveyi RT-6 strain, from infected "Whiteleg shrimp" (Litopenaeus vannamei) using Illumina platform.

The pathogenicity of "Vibriosis" in shrimps imposes prominent menace to the sustainable growth of mariculture economy. Often the disease outbreak is associated speciously with Vibrio harveyi and its closely related species. The present study investigated the complete genome of the strain V. harveyi RT-6 to explore the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis. The genome of V. harveyi possesses a single chromosome of 6,374,398 bp in size, G + C content (44.7%) and 5730 protein coding genes. The reads of 1.3 Gb were retained from Illumina Hiseq 2500 sequencing method, assembled into 5912 predicted genes, 114 tRNAs genes, and 11 rRNAs genes. Unigenes were annotated by matching against Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG)-5730, Gene ontology (GO)-1088, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases-3401. Furthermore, 13 insertion sequences-(IS), virulence factors and prophage regions were also identified. A total of 94 pathogenic genes and 36 virulence factor genes were mainly identified using Virulence Factors Database (VFDB). Out of the 36 virulence factors, 23 genes responsible for encoding flagella-based motility protein were exclusively predicted to take part in pathogenic mechanism. The Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) of the strain RT-6 (accession number: SRR5410471) highlighted the underlying genes and specifically accountable functional genes that were responsible for pathogenic infections in shrimps.

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles utilizing marine sponge Acanthella elongata (Dendy, 1905).

The growing trend of exploring bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and plant materials for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered as eco friendly and a green technological approach. In this backdrop the present study reports the synthesis of gold (Au) nanoparticles from gold precursor using the extract derived from the marine sponge, Acanthella elongata (Dendy, 1905) belonging to the primitive phylum Porifera. Water-soluble organics present in the marine sponge extract were mainly responsible for the reduction of gold ions to nano-sized Au particles. The sponge extract added to 10-3 M HAuCl4 aqueous solution at 45°C changed to pinkish ruby red color solution and confirm the bioreduction within 4 h with continuous stirring. UV-visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing gold nanoparticles showed a peak around 526 nm. High-resolution transmission electron micrographs (HR-TEM) confirmed the monodispersed and spherical shaped with the size ranges from 7 to 20 nm, however a maximum number of particles were in 15 nm diameter. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, the reducing agent in the marine sponge extract was identified which is attributed for the biosynthesis of gold colloids. The XRD analysis respects the Bragg's law and confirmed the crystalline nature of the gold nanoparticles.

Biodiversity and seasonal variation of macro-benthic infaunal community in the inshore waters of Parangipettai Coast.

This paper deals with the diversity and seasonal variations of macro-benthic infauna and associated environmental factors influencing the benthic community in the inshore waters of southern Indian coast. Four seasonal collections (2006-2007) were made at three different depths (5, 15 and 25 m) in the inshore waters of Pazhayar, Parangipettai and Cuddalore and at 5 m near State Industrial Promotion Council of Tamilnadu (SIPCOT), covering 10 stations in Bay of Bengal. Altogether, 80 infaunal samples (Van-veen grab 0.1 m(2)) were collected which revealed the occurrence of 132 species representing five diverse groups. Polychaetes were the dominant group (45%), followed by bivalves (31%) and gastropods (16%). Diversity (H'log2) was maximum (4.601) at Parangipettai 25 m during the pre-monsoon season, and the minimum (0.954) was in SIPCOT during monsoon. Multivariate analyses were used to define assemblages.