ABSTRACT
By means of heparin-affinity and glycyrrhizin (GL)-affinity column chromatographies (HPLC), a GL-binding phospholipase A2 (gbPLA2) was selectively purified from the synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This purified gbPLA2 was identified as a secretory type IIA PLA2 (sPLA2-IIA) since it was crossreacted with anti-sPLA2-IIA serum. The activity of purified sPLA2-IIA was inhibited by glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and a GA derivative (oGA) in a dose-dependent manner, but it was more sensitive to GA than GL. Furthermore, it was found that (i) purified sPLA2-IIA is phosphorylated by casein kinase II (CK-II) in vitro; (ii) this phosphorylation induces in a significant stimulation of PLA2 activity; and (iii) oGA at one-tenth the concentration of GL inhibits the CK-II-mediated stimulation of sPLA2-IIA activity. These results show that (i) sPLA2-IIA is a GL-binding protein; and (ii) CK-II mediates stimulation of its PLA2 activity in vitro.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/metabolism , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Glycyrrhizic Acid/metabolism , Glycyrrhizic Acid/pharmacology , Phospholipases A/metabolism , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/enzymology , Casein Kinase II , Chromatography, Liquid , Crotalid Venoms/enzymology , Glycyrrhetinic Acid/pharmacology , Group II Phospholipases A2 , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Phospholipases A/isolation & purification , Phospholipases A2 , Phosphorylation , Protein Binding , Stimulation, Chemical , Synovial Fluid/enzymologyABSTRACT
A 48-year-old Japanese woman presented with many subcutaneous nodules. The skin was purplish in color and tender; the nodules were scattered over the entire surface. Histological findings of biopsy specimens from the nodules indicated septal panniculitis comprised of histiocyte and/or macrophage infiltrates, often with erythro- and/or leukophagocytosis. Phagocytic cells were OKM1 (CD11b), MT1 (CD43), LeuM3 (CD14), and histiocyte antigen positive, indicating the presence of histiocytes and/or macrophages. The patient had sicca symptoms, positive homogenous, speckled pattern ANA (x320), and diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis.
Subject(s)
Histiocytes/ultrastructure , Lupus Nephritis , Panniculitis/pathology , Sjogren's Syndrome , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Phagocytes/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Recent progress on the study of IL 1 is summarized and depicted, particularly emphasizing the variety of IL 1 function, and the role of other cytokine inducers. While it has been established that IL 1 has a variety of biological functions in vitro and in vivo, some of these functions are not a direct action of IL 1, but may be ascribed to some other cytokines induced by IL 1, since IL 1 can induce IL 6 (as an inducer of acute phase protein), IL 8 (as a neutrophil chemotactic factor), or IL 1 itself. Other important functions of IL 1 in vivo including resistance to bacterial infection, radioresistance and anti-tumor activity are of great interest to determine whether its action is direct or indirect through the induction of other factors, although the importance of IL 1 yet remains. Finally, the bioassay and ELISA assay of IL 1 alpha and IL 1 beta were established. The IL 1 level in serum, amniotic fluids, and synovial fluids from rheumatoid arthritis have been determined and its biological significance has been discussed.
Subject(s)
Inflammation/diagnosis , Interleukin-1/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Interleukin-1/physiologyABSTRACT
Four monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against a feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) TU 1 strain, one of the host range variants of feline parvovirus (FPV), were produced and applied for antigenic analysis of FPLV, canine parvovirus (CPV) and mink enteritis virus (MEV). All mAbs were considered to be directed at epitopes on the virus capsid surface because they neutralized the infectivity and inhibited the hemagglutination (HA) of the homologous virus as well as other FPV strains. They were of the mouse IgG1 type. High antigenic homogeneity among FPLV strains was confirmed by HA-inhibition (HI) test with the mAbs and polyclonal immune sera against FPLV or CPV. But the TU 11 strain of FPLV was antigenically distinguished from the remaining 14 FPLV strains by both the HI test and the micro-neutralization test with one of the mAbs produced. MEV Abashiri strain was found to be antigenically indistinguishable from FPLV. Most of the CPV strains isolated after 1981 were considered to be antigenically different from earlier CPV isolates when some mAbs were applied in the serological tests, confirming the replacement of CPV by an antigenic variant in Japan. However, antigenically different CPVs were detected at the end of 1984 from unrelated epizootics occurred a month apart in the same area.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Antigenic Variation , Feline Panleukopenia Virus/immunology , Parvoviridae/immunology , Animals , Cat Diseases/microbiology , Cats , Dog Diseases/microbiology , Dogs , Feline Panleukopenia/microbiology , Mink , Parvoviridae Infections/microbiology , Parvoviridae Infections/veterinarySubject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary , Picornaviridae Infections/veterinary , Respiratory Tract Infections/veterinary , Animals , Caliciviridae , Cat Diseases/immunology , Cat Diseases/microbiology , Cats , Herpesviridae Infections/immunology , Neutralization Tests , Picornaviridae Infections/immunology , Respiratory Tract Infections/immunologyABSTRACT
Studies on the potential teratogenic effect of topically applied EDTA (0.1% and 3%) were undertaken because of its proven teratogenic effects when administered systemically and because of its wide use as an ophthalmic drug. Although no teratogenic effect was found for either 0.1% or 3% solution of EDTA, 3% EDTA applied topically to the eye six times a day has a significant embryopathic effect, with only 30% of the progeny remaining normal.
Subject(s)
Edetic Acid/adverse effects , Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects , Administration, Topical , Animals , Edetic Acid/administration & dosage , Female , Ophthalmic Solutions , Pregnancy , Rabbits , TeratogensABSTRACT
The potentially teratogenic effect of antiviral drugs, particularly when given systemically, prompted the evaluation of the teratogenic effect of Ara-A when given systemically in doses significantly higher than those used clinically. Under the conditions of this study, neither teratogenic nor embryocidal effects of Ara-A were observed.
