Fox eyes lift-A new protocol for eyebrow elevation with laser Fotona.

BACKGROUND: The eyelids play an important role in our appearance and are usually the first to show signs of age. The Fotona SP Spectro Systems consist of a range of noninvasive laser treatments that work together synergistically to tighten the collagen in four dimensions and provide long-lasting firmness to the face. The Fotona SP Spectro combines two wavelengths: Er:YAG (2940 nm) and Nd:YAG (1064 nm) with four distinct treatments: SmoothLiftingTM, FRAC3®, PIANO®, and SupErficialTM, allowing safe, painless, noninvasive, and no downtime rejuvenation. AIMS: To present a new protocol of treatment with Fotona SP Spectro for eyebrow elevation, which we call fox eyes lift (FEL), and compare it to the standard SmoothEye® (SE) protocol. METHODS: This is a prospective, interventional, split-face study. The sample consisted of 21 subjects (19 women) with a mean age of 50.1 ± 7.9 years who underwent two different protocols, that is, SE on one side and FEL on the other. The protocol used on each side was selected by drawing lots. Three sessions were held at 1-month intervals. Standardized photographic documentation was obtained before and 30 days after the end of treatment. Eyebrow position before and after complete treatment was quantified using ImageJ software. RESULTS: Statistical analysis by ANOVA showed a significant improvement in eyebrow position after treatment with both protocols, with a significantly greater effect of FEL (p = 0.0003 d = 0.95). CONCLUSION: Fox eyes lift is an efficient and safe technique providing significant improvement in the position of the eyebrow.

Orbital and paranasal sinuses changes after neonatal orbital exenteration for massive teratoma management.

A neonate at 13 days of age underwent a lid and conjunctiva-sparing orbital exenteration for a massive right orbital teratoma. To reduce the degree of orbital contraction, the entire temporalis muscle was rotated into the orbit along with a dermis-fat graft. Sequential postoperative orbital imaging showed that hyperostosis developed in the orbital apex at the age of two months. Despite a significant expansion of the fat graft, by the age of 4 years, hyperostosis had progressed to the anterior portion of the orbit associated with over-pneumatization of the paranasal sinuses. This case demonstrates that the bony changes in the orbit after neonatal exenteration are complex and involve the development of the paranasal sinuses.

Lateral eyelid island flap for reconstruction of large central and medial full-thickness defects of the lower eyelid.

INTRODUCTION: To report our experience with lateral eyelid island flaps for reconstruction of large central and medial full-thickness defects of lower eyelid. METHODS: Retrospective case series of patients with large central and medial full-thickness lower lid defects repaired with medial transposition of the lateral lower lid combined with a temporal myocutaneous flap. Preoperatively the authors collected demographic data, etiology and percentage of the defects. Postoperatively the lids were assessed for flap viability and lower eyelid margin position and contour. RESULTS: The sample was comprised of 10 patients (5 females) with a mean of age 60.10 (SD 13.75) years. The defects ranging from 50% to 75% of the lid width resulted from excision of eight basal cell carcinomas, one (10%) malignant schwannoma and one (10%) squamous cell carcinoma. The median follow-up was 1.58 years (IQR 2.58). Flap ischemia was not observed in any eyelid. One mild ectropion was observed in just one lid. All patients were satisfied with the esthetic results. CONCLUSIONS: Medial transposition of the lateral lower lid island flap combined with horizontal myocutaneous advancement flap is an excellent one-stage procedure that avoids the drawbacks of the two-stages procedures.

Medial Oblique Eyelid Split Orbitotomy.

PURPOSE: The authors describe their experience with a variant of the split orbitotomy with a small medial oblique transmarginal incision for approaching a variety of lesions involving the superonasal aspect of the orbit. METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records and clinical photographs of all patients who underwent an unilateral medial oblique incision to access various intraconal lesions abutting the superomedial quadrant of the orbit. The curvature of the medial contour of the operated and contralateral eyelids were expressed with Bézier functions and compared using the R-squared coefficient of determination (R 2 ). RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were submitted to this surgical technique for approaching various unilateral lesions on the superonasal quadrant of the orbit. Excellent cosmesis was achieved in all eyelids, with almost imperceptible scars, and no ptosis or retraction. There was no significant difference between the postoperative medial contour of the operated and the contralateral eyelid, with R 2 ranging from 0.896 to 0.999, mean 0.971. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' results show that the modified eyelid split approach provides a wide exposure of the superonasal quadrant of the orbit with no risk of eyelid dysfunctions or significant scars.

Current management of upper lid ptosis: a web-based international survey of oculoplastic surgeons / Tratamento atual da ptose da pálpebra superior: estudo internacional baseado em questionário eletrônico envolvendo cirurgiões oculoplásticos

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the current practice patterns for assessing and managing upper lid ptosis among members of the Latin American and Spanish societies of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Methods: An e-mail was sent to invite members of both societies to participate in this anonymous web-based survey. The survey collected data on surgeons' demographics and four other sections: upper lid ptosis preoperative evaluation, surgical preferences, postoperative management, and complications. The frequency and proportions of the responses were then statistically analyzed. Results: The survey was responded by 354 experienced oculoplastic surgeons, 47.7% of whom generally performed more than 20 upper lid ptosis surgeries annually. Of those respondents, 244 (68.9%) routinely check for dry eye preoperatively. Less than half of the respondents (47.4%) perform the phenylephrine test for congenital or acquired ptosis. Mild upper lid ptosis was reported to be usually corrected with conjunctival mullerectomy (43.6%). Severe upper lid ptosis was reported to be usually corrected with frontalis surgery (57%), followed by anterior levator resection, mainly supramaximal resection (17.5%). In cases of severe congenital ptosis, the main reason for surgery was to alleviate the risk of amblyopia (37.3%). An anterior approach was reported to be usually (63.3%) used to manage involutional ptosis associated with dermatochalasis. Common complications comprised undercorrection after levator resection (40%) or frontalis suspension (27.5%). Conclusions: This study reports the current practice patterns among Spanish and Latin American oculoplastic surgeons in upper lid ptosis diagnosis and treatment. Surgeons can use this study data to compare disease management with their colleagues.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prática e tratamento da ptose da pálpebra superior por membros das sociedades latino-ame­ricanas e espanhola de Cirurgia Plástica Ocular. Métodos: Os membros das referidas sociedades foram convidados por e-mail para responder a um questionário eletrônico garantindo o anonimato. O questionário constou de dados demográficos do cirurgião e outras quatro seções: avaliação pré-operatória da ptose da pálpebra superior, preferências cirúrgicas, conduta pós-operatória e complicações. Estatística descritiva foi utilizada para análise da frequência e proporções percentuais. Resultados: Trezentos e cinquenta e quatro experientes cirurgiões oculoplásticos dos quais 47,7% realizam mais de 20 cirurgias de ptose da pálpebra superior por ano responderam ao questionário. Na avaliação pré-operatória, 68,9% realizam testes para olho seco, mas o teste da fenilefrina é feito por menos da metade dos entrevistados (47,4%). A ptose da pálpebra superior leve geralmente é corrigida por conjuntivo-mullerectomia (43,6%), a ptose da pálpebra superior grave por cirurgia do músculo frontal (57%) ou ressecção da aponeurose do levantador via anterior, principalmente usando a supramáxima (17,5%). O principal motivo para operar a ptose congênita grave é o risco de ambliopia (37,3%). A ptose involucional associada à dermatocálase costuma ser corrigida pela via anterior (63,3%). Hipocorreção é complicação comum após a ressecção da aponeurose do levantador (40%) ou suspensão ao frontal (27,5%). Conclusões: As práticas atuais dos cirurgiões oculoplásticos espanhóis e latino-americanos para diagnóstico e tratamento de ptose da pálpebra superior foram relatadas. Os dados apresentados podem ser usados para comparar a abordagem dos cirurgiões com a de seus pares.

A case of permanent vision loss due to a carotidcavernous fistula: importance of early diagnosis / Relato de caso de perda visual secundária a fístuda carótido-cavernosa: a importância de um diagnóstico adequado

ABSTRACT A 97-year-old female presented with spontaneous acute-onset palpebral hyperemia and edema of the right eye that had progressively worsen over the previous three days. These signs did not suggest possible carotid-cavernous fistula until a second examination 72 h later, during which the patient exhibited significant progression. Despite embolization, the patient exhibited sustained corneal edema, clots, and turbidity in the aqueous humor, which resulted in permanent visual loss. A greater level of clinical suspicion for possible carotid-cavernous fistula is warranted on initial presentation of palpebral hyperemia and edema to prevent possible irreversible vision loss.

RESUMO O objetivo deste relato é apresentar o caso de uma paciente de 97 anos com início agudo e espontâneo de hiperemia e edema palpebral. Estes sinais não levaram a uma suspeita diagnóstica de fístula carótido-cavernosa até um segundo momento, quando a paciente apresentou progressão importante do quadro clínico. Apesar da realização de tratamento efetivo com embolização da fístula, a paciente manteve alterações oculares como edema de córnea, coágulos e turvação no humor aquoso, e manteve perda visual definitiva.

Current management of upper lid ptosis: a web-based international survey of oculoplastic surgeons.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the current practice patterns for assessing and managing upper lid ptosis among members of the Latin American and Spanish societies of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. METHODS: An e-mail was sent to invite members of both societies to participate in this anonymous web-based survey. The survey collected data on surgeons' demographics and four other sections: upper lid ptosis preoperative evaluation, surgical preferences, postoperative management, and complications. The frequency and proportions of the responses were then statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The survey was responded by 354 experienced oculoplastic surgeons, 47.7% of whom generally performed more than 20 upper lid ptosis surgeries annually. Of those respondents, 244 (68.9%) routinely check for dry eye preoperatively. Less than half of the respondents (47.4%) perform the phenylephrine test for congenital or acquired ptosis. Mild upper lid ptosis was reported to be usually corrected with conjunctival mullerectomy (43.6%). Severe upper lid ptosis was reported to be usually corrected with frontalis surgery (57%), followed by anterior levator resection, mainly supramaximal resection (17.5%). In cases of severe congenital ptosis, the main reason for surgery was to alleviate the risk of amblyopia (37.3%). An anterior approach was reported to be usually (63.3%) used to manage involutional ptosis associated with dermatochalasis. Common complications comprised undercorrection after levator resection (40%) or frontalis suspension (27.5%). CONCLUSIONS: This study reports the current practice patterns among Spanish and Latin American oculoplastic surgeons in upper lid ptosis diagnosis and treatment. Surgeons can use this study data to compare disease management with their colleagues.

A case of permanent vision loss due to a carotidcavernous fistula: importance of early diagnosis.

A 97-year-old female presented with spontaneous acute-onset palpebral hyperemia and edema of the right eye that had progressively worsen over the previous three days. These signs did not suggest possible carotid-cavernous fistula until a second examination 72 h later, during which the patient exhibited significant progression. Despite embolization, the patient exhibited sustained corneal edema, clots, and turbidity in the aqueous humor, which resulted in permanent visual loss. A greater level of clinical suspicion for possible carotid-cavernous fistula is warranted on initial presentation of palpebral hyperemia and edema to prevent possible irreversible vision loss.

Involvement of Multiple Trigeminal Nerve Branches in IgG4-Related Orbital Disease.

PURPOSE: To describe the occurrence of multiple trigeminal nerves (TGNs) enlargement in patients with orbital IgG4-related disease. METHODS: Retrospective review of MRI findings and medical records of 6 patients (10 orbits) with orbital IgG4-related disease and enlargement of more than 1 TGN. Orbital biopsies were performed in all cases revealing the typical lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with significant plasma cell positivity for IgG4 (IgG4+/IgG ratio ≥ 40%). Three experienced neuroradiologists reviewed the MRI sequences using a digital imaging viewer system (Horos, https://horosproject.org/). RESULTS: Bilateral involvement of at least 2 TGNs divisions was detected in all 6 patients. Enlargement of both V1 and V2 nerves was diagnosed in 5 patients, and in 3 cases, all TGN divisions were involved. V2 nerves were the most affected. In this division, all 12 infraorbital nerves were enlarged, followed by lesser palatines (10/83.3%), superior alveolar (10/83.3%), and zygomatic (6/50%). V1 and V3 nerves were less affected albeit 9 (75%) frontal branches (V1), and 50% of the inferior alveolar (V3) nerves were also enlarged. CONCLUSIONS: Widespread involvement of the TGN is an important feature of IgG4-related disease.

Congenital Opticmeningoceles.

Congenital optic nerve cystic-like malformations associated with normally developed globes are extremely rare. We describe 3 children who presented since birth with proptosis, and eye motility limitation. MRI showed in all cases that the intraorbital segment of the optic nerves was malformed with large cystic-like lesions in the intraconal segment of the orbit. In all cases, biopsies of the wall of the lesions were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Since this protein is a neurobiomarker that exists only in astrocytes in the central nervous system, nonmyelinating Schwann cells of peripheral nerves, and enteric glial cells, we believe that these lesions represent true opticmeningoceles.

Topical mitomycin in endoscopic-assisted probing for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in older children.

PURPOSE: Mitomycin C has been used in ophthalmic surgery to mitigate postoperative scarring. However, the outcomes of endoscopic-assisted probing for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with adjunctive mitomycin C in children remain unknown. Our study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive application of mitomycin C after endoscopic-assisted probing for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review performed in a tertiary eye care hospital involving children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, who underwent endoscopic-assisted probing from October 2013 to August 2015. We compared children who underwent endoscopic-assisted probing with mitomycin C (mitomycin C group) versus others who underwent endoscopic-assisted probing without mitomycin C (endoscopic-assisted probing group). The mitomycin C group received 0.2 mg/ml within 4 min to the nasolacrimal duct ostium using a cotton tip applicator immediately after probing. Probing was considered successful when patient complaints of tearing were reduced or the results of the dye disappearance test were normal. Demographic data, clinical features, and intraoperative and postoperative variables were correlated to the success rate. RESULTS: The study sample comprised 68 lacrimal vies. The majority of children had bilateral obstruction and no previous history of probing. The mean age of the patients was approximately 4 years. Most obstructions were considered complex. The success rates were high in both groups (p>0.05). There were no adverse events related to the use of mitomycin C (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although mitomycin C has no adverse effects when applied to the opening of the nasolacrimal duct, its use after lacrimal probing for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction does not improve the chance of success.

Upper eyelid contour symmetry measurement with Bézier curves / Medida da simetria do contorno da pálpebra superior com curvas de Bézier

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of the present work is to measure the interocular upper lid contour symmetry using a new method of lid contour quantification. Methods: The Bézier curve tool of the Image J software was used to extract the right and left upper eyelid contours of 75 normal subjects. Inter-observer variability of 29 right lid contours obtained by two independent observers was estimated using the coefficient of overlap of two curves and an analysis of the differences of the contour peak location. A two-way analysis of variance was used to test the mean value of the coefficient of overlap of the right and left contours in males and females and lid segments. The same analysis was performed to compare the location of the contour peak of the right and left contours. Results: The coefficient of contour overlap obtained by independent observers ranged from 93.5% to 98.8%, with a mean of 96.1% ± 1.6 SD. There was a mean difference of 0.02 mm in the location of the contour peak. Right and left contour symmetry did not differ between females and males and was within the range of the method variability for contour overlap and location of the contour peak. Conclusions: The upper eyelid contour is highly symmetrical. Bézier lines allow a quick and fast quantification of the lid contour, with a mean inter-observer variability of 3.9%.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo é mensurar a simetria interocular do contorno da pálpebra superior por meio de um novo método de quantificação de contorno palpebral com curvas de Bézier. Métodos: A ferramenta de curva de Bézier do software ImageJ foi utilizada para extrair os contornos palpebrais direito e esquerdo de 75 sujeitos normais. A variabilidade interobservador de 29 contornos palpebrais do olho direito obtidos por dois observadores diferentes foi estimada pelo coeficiente de superposição de duas curvas e pela análise das diferenças das posições do pico do contorno. Análise de variância de dois fatores foi empregada para testar a média do coeficiente de superposição entre os contornos direito e esquerdo quanto ao sexo e segmento palpebral. A mesma análise foi utilizada para comparar a localização do pico do contorno dos olhos direito e esquerdo. Resultados: O coeficiente de superposição obtidos por observadores independentes variou ente 93,5% e 98,8% com média de 96,1% ± 1,6 DP. A diferença das médias da localização do pico do contorno palpebral foi de 0,02 mm. A simetria entre os contornos dos olhos direito e esquerdo não diferiu entre o sexo feminino e masculino e esteve na faixa de variabilidade do método para o coeficiente de superposição e localização do pico do contorno. Conclusões: O contorno da pálpebra superior é altamente simétrico. As linhas Bézier permitem uma rápida e prática quantificação do contorno palpebral com uma média de variabilidade interobservador de 3,9%.

Upper eyelid contour symmetry measurement with Bézier curves.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present work is to measure the interocular upper lid contour symmetry using a new method of lid contour quantification. METHODS: The Bézier curve tool of the Image J software was used to extract the right and left upper eyelid contours of 75 normal subjects. Inter-observer variability of 29 right lid contours obtained by two independent observers was estimated using the coefficient of overlap of two curves and an analysis of the differences of the contour peak location. A two-way analysis of variance was used to test the mean value of the coefficient of overlap of the right and left contours in males and females and lid segments. The same analysis was performed to compare the location of the contour peak of the right and left contours. RESULTS: The coefficient of contour overlap obtained by independent observers ranged from 93.5% to 98.8%, with a mean of 96.1% ± 1.6 SD. There was a mean difference of 0.02 mm in the location of the contour peak. Right and left contour symmetry did not differ between females and males and was within the range of the method variability for contour overlap and location of the contour peak. CONCLUSIONS: The upper eyelid contour is highly symmetrical. Bézier lines allow a quick and fast quantification of the lid contour, with a mean inter-observer variability of 3.9%.

Orbital Bone Decompression for Non-Thyroid Eye Disease Proptosis.

PURPOSE: To report a multicenter large case series of orbital decompression for non-thyroid eye disease proptosis. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of cases of orbital decompression performed by 9 experienced orbital surgeons from different countries from 2014 to 2017 for non-thyroid eye disease proptosis. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) negative vector (high axial length or shallow orbit), 2) inflammatory, and 3) tumor. Types of orbital decompression and Hertel exophthalmometry (preoperative and minimum 6 months postoperative) were recorded. Charts were also assessed for serious complications. The amount of exophthalmometry improvement was recorded according to the above groups. RESULTS: The analysis included 41 orbits of 29 patients (14 women and 15 men) with a mean age of 38.9 years (ranging from 9 to 74; standard deviation (SD) 15.66). There were 17 orbits of 11 patients in the negative vector group, 16 orbits of 10 patients in the inflammatory group, and 8 orbits of 8 patients in the tumor group. The mean reduction of proptosis was 2.95 mm in the negative vector group, 2.54 mm in the inflammatory group, and 5.75 mm in the tumor group. There were no serious complications. CONCLUSIONS: Orbital decompression was safe and effective in reducing proptosis for non-thyroid eye disease indications in this series. The amount of exophthalmometry improvement was less in the inflammatory orbitopathy group compared with other proptosis etiology groups.Orbital decompression may have a role in improving proptosis in non-thyroid eye disease entities.

Long-Term Results of the Surgical Management of the Upper Eyelids in "Ablepharon"-Macrostomia Syndrome.

PURPOSE: To describe the late results of the placement of skin graft over conjunctiva-Müller muscle complex in 3 patients with ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome (AMS) and to review the procedures used to manage the upper eyelids in AMS. METHODS: The authors searched the Pubmed database for all articles that used the term "ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome" in any field. Data collection included description of eyelid changes, age at surgery, status of the cornea before surgery, type of eyelid repair, and final outcome. Two previously reported siblings were reevaluated 10 and 15 years after a single reconstructive operation. A new case from Peru is also described. RESULTS: Only 15 patients with AMS have been described in 12 articles. In 60% of the cases, the lids were described as absent. The surgical modalities employed to reconstruct the upper eyelids were quite variable, including local flaps, lid sharing procedures, and even a masquerade flap. At long-term follow-up, all 3 cases who underwent upper eyelid lengthening with full thickness skin grafts placed over Müller muscle had clear corneas with a small amount of lagophthalmos. CONCLUSIONS: The lids in AMS are not absent and should not be managed with complex reconstructive techniques. Full thickness skin grafts placed over the inner aspect of the palpebral conjunctiva allow permanent eye protection.The upper eyelids in ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome can be permanently lengthened with full thickness skin grafts over Müller muscle.