ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Linagliptin does not require dose adjustment in diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). But, renal effects of linagliptin are not clear. Our aim was to examine the effect of linagliptin on renal disease progression in only insulin dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with CKD. METHODS: Stage 3-4 CKD patients were randomized into 2 groups in this prospective randomized controlled study. In the first group, linagliptin 5mg was added in addition to the background insulin therapy. In the second group, patients continued their insulin therapy. Patients were followed up at 3-month intervals for one year. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 164 patients (90 patients in linagliptin group, 74 patients in other group) with a mean age of 67.5 ± 8.8 years. eGFR significantly increased in linagliptin group (p = 0.033), but decreased in other group (p = 0.003). No significant change was observed in total insulin dose in linagliptin group (p = 0.111), but in other group, total insulin dose significantly increased (p < 0.001). Proteinuria levels decreased in both groups, but there was no significant change. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, male gender and proteinuria emerged as variables that showed significant association with increased risk and the use of linagliptin emerged as variable that showed significant association with decreased risk for CKD progression. CONCLUSION: Linagliptin in DM patients with CKD was able to improve renal progression without significant effect on proteinuria and glucose control. With regard to treating diabetic nephropathy, linagliptin may offer a new therapeutic approach
ANTECEDENTES: La linagliptina no precisa un ajuste de la dosis en pacientes con diabetes mellitus y enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). No obstante, los efectos renales de la linagliptina no están claros. Nuestro objetivo fue examinar el efecto de la linagliptina en la evolución de la enfermedad renal únicamente en pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 insulinodependientes con ERC. MÉTODOS: En este estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado y controlado, se asignaron de forma aleatoria pacientes con ERC en estadios 3-4 en 2 grupos. En el primer grupo se añadió linagliptina 5 mg además de la insulinoterapia de base. En el segundo grupo, los pacientes siguieron con su insulinoterapia. Los pacientes fueron objeto de seguimiento a intervalos de 3 meses durante un año. RESULTADOS: La población del estudio estuvo compuesta por 164 pacientes (90 pacientes en el grupo de linagliptina, 74 pacientes en el otro grupo) con una edad media de 67,5 ± 8,8 años. La TFGe aumentó significativamente en el grupo de linagliptina (p = 0,033), pero disminuyó en el otro grupo (p = 0,003). No se observó ningún cambio significativo en la dosis total de insulina en el grupo de la linagliptina (p = 0,111), pero, en el otro grupo, la dosis total de insulina aumentó significativamente (p < 0,001). Los niveles de proteinuria disminuyeron en ambos grupos, pero no hubo cambios significativos. En el análisis de regresión logística múltiple, el género masculino y la proteinuria destacaron como variables que mostraban una asociación significativa con el aumento del riesgo y el uso de la linagliptina destacó como variable con una asociación significativa con la disminución del riesgo de progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica. CONCLUSIÓN: La linagliptina en pacientes con DM y ERC consiguió mejorar la evolución renal sin un efecto significativo sobre la proteinuria y el control glucémico. En lo que respecta al tratamiento de la nefropatía diabética, la linagliptina puede ofrecer un nuevo enfoque terapéutico
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Linagliptin/therapeutic use , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology , Disease Progression , Prospective Studies , Proteinuria/urine , Statistics, Nonparametric , Glycated Hemoglobin , Logistic Models , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Linagliptin does not require dose adjustment in diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). But, renal effects of linagliptin are not clear. Our aim was to examine the effect of linagliptin on renal disease progression in only insulin dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with CKD. METHODS: Stage 3-4 CKD patients were randomized into 2 groups in this prospective randomized controlled study. In the first group, linagliptin 5mg was added in addition to the background insulin therapy. In the second group, patients continued their insulin therapy. Patients were followed up at 3-month intervals for one year. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 164 patients (90 patients in linagliptin group, 74 patients in other group) with a mean age of 67.5±8.8 years. eGFR significantly increased in linagliptin group (p=0.033), but decreased in other group (p=0.003). No significant change was observed in total insulin dose in linagliptin group (p=0.111), but in other group, total insulin dose significantly increased (p<0.001). Proteinuria levels decreased in both groups, but there was no significant change. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, male gender and proteinuria emerged as variables that showed significant association with increased risk and the use of linagliptin emerged as variable that showed significant association with decreased risk for CKD progression. CONCLUSION: Linagliptin in DM patients with CKD was able to improve renal progression without significant effect on proteinuria and glucose control. With regard to treating diabetic nephropathy, linagliptin may offer a new therapeutic approach.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Disease Progression , Linagliptin/therapeutic use , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy , Aged , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Female , Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects , Humans , Insulin/administration & dosage , Insulin/therapeutic use , Linagliptin/administration & dosage , Male , Prospective Studies , Proteinuria/drug therapy , Regression Analysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE(S): In hemodialysis patients, malnutrition and inflammation are prominent determinants of mortality. Reduced muscle mass is considered to be one of the most valid criteria in malnutrition diagnosis, and hand grip strength (HGS) is used as an efficient tool for evaluating muscle functioning. The aim of this study was to determine if HGS is associated with the nutritional status determined with malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS) and biochemical parameters in HD patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients who have been on hemodialysis treatment for at least 6 months were included in this cross-sectional study. HGS was measured by a hand dynamometer. MIS was used to evaluate malnutrition, and Modified Charlson Comorbidity Index was used to rank comorbidities. RESULTS: A total of 132 hemodialysis patients, 73 (55.3%) males and 59 (44.7%) females, were included. The mean age of the patients was 56.90 ± 13.73 years. The mean age was 60.66 ± 13.42 years in the low-HGS group and 52.91 ± 13.00 years in the high-HGS group. HGS significantly decreased as age increased (P = .001). In patients with diabetes mellitus, HGS was significantly lower (67.4% and 43%; P = .013). Male patients with high HGS had significantly higher body weight (74.75 kg and 66 kg; P = .012). But there was no significant relationship between HGS and weight for female patients. HGS decreased when Charlson Comorbidity Index score (5 in low-HGS group and 4 in high-HGS group) and MIS values increased (8 in low-HGS group and 6 in high-HGS group) (P = .001 and P < .001, respectively). Only MIS was observed to have a statistically significant impact on HGS in the regression model (P < .001). CONCLUSION: A significant relationship was found between MIS and HGS; HGS's relationship with comorbidities was also presented in our study.
