Echinophora tournefortii Jaub. & Spach: Evaluation of the effect on indomethacin-induced gastric ulser in rats and phytochemical analyses by LC-HRMS.

E. tournefortii has wound healing properties in folk medicine and 5% infusions are used for stomach ulcers. It is also used in colds, abdominal pain, digestive problems, as an appetite enhancer and antispasmodic. For this purpose, in the study biochemical and histopathological evaluation of the ulcer protective effect of the extract obtained from the E. tournefortii in the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in rats was aimed to develop new strategies in the treatment of ulcers. The phytochemical profile of the plant was elucidated for the first time by LC-HRMS in this study. The results indicate that, in terms of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-8, IL-6, PGE2, NF-κB, VEGF, NO, COX-1 and COX-2 biochemical parameters, E. tournefortii protects the gastric mucosa to the inflammation, and also modulates the PGE2 pathway, and has a similar effect or even a more positive effect than the reference substance lansoprazole. According to LC-HRMS analysis results, chlorogenic acid, genistein and quinic acid were the main constituents of E. tournefortii extract with 1397.081, 1014.177 and 992.527µg/g extract, respectively. Considering the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of these phenolic components, it is thought that the major components are responsible for the anti-ulcer activity of the E. tournefortii extract.

Serum and urinary levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in enuresis. / Niveles séricos de factor neurotrófico derivado de cerebro en la enuresis.

OBJECTIVES: Enuresis is one of the most frequently seen psycho-social problems in childhood, which causes anxiety and stress in the child, thus affecting his/her self-respect and quality of life. The aim of the study was to determine the role of bladder function or psychologic factors or both as factors causing enuresis. METHODS: This study on pediatric patients with primary enuresis included 30 patients with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MonoNE), 30 patients with polysymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PolyNE), and 30 healthy controls, making a total of 90 subjects with an age range of 8-18. In all subjects, the levels of serum and urinary Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) were measured, in addition to urinary creatinine levels and calculated as BDNF/Cr ng/mg creatinine (BDNF/ Cr). RESULTS: The serum BDNF results of the PolyNE group (0.949±0.587) were significantly lower than those of the control group (1.158±0.587) (p=0.014). The urinary BDNF results of the PolyNE group (1.107±0.360) were significantly higher than those of both the MonoNE (0.657±0.272) and the control (0.670±0.271) groups (p<0.0001). The BDNF/Cr results of the PolyNE group (1.472±0.714) were significantly higher than those of the MonoNE group (0.956±1.017) and the control group (0.931±0.618) (p=0.044 and p=0.032, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to bladder-specific problems, it is possible for anxiety and psychological stress-induced problems to occur in PolyNE. Therefore, in addition to the increasing number of studies on the bladder in enuresis, further studies on the neurogenic and psychogenic aspects of enuresis should be carried out.

OBJETIVOS: La enuresis es uno de los problemas psicosociales más frecuentes en la infancia, que causa ansiedad y estrés a los niños, afectando a su autoestima y calidad de vida. El objetivo de este estudio es la determinación del papel de la función vesical, los factores psicológicos o ambos como factores causales de la enuresis.MÉTODOS: Este estudio en pacientes pediátricos con enuresis incluyó 30 pacientes con enuresis nocturna monosintomática (ENmono), 30 pacientes con enuresis nocturna polisintomática (ENpoli) y 30 controles sanos, sumando un total de 90 individuos con un rango de edad entre 8-18 años. En todos los casos se midieron los niveles séricos y urinarios de factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro (FNDC), además de los niveles de creatinina urinaria y se hizo el cálculo de FNDC/Cr ng/mg creatinina. RESULTADOS: Los resultados de FNDC sérico en el grupo ENpoli (0,949±0,587) fueron significativamente menores que los del grupo control (1,158±0,587) (p=0,014). Los resultados de FNDC urinario en el grupo de ENpoli (1,107±0,360) fueron significativamente mayores que los de los grupos ENmono (0,657±0,272) y control (0,670±0,271) (p<0,0001). Los resultados de FNDC/Cr el grupo ENpoli (1,472±0,714) eran significativamente mayores que los de los grupos ENMono (0,956±1,017) y control (0,931±0,618) (p=0,044 y p=0,032, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: Además de problemas específicos vesicales, es posible que los problemas de ansiedad e inducidos por estrés psicológico ocurran en la ENPoli. Por lo tanto, además del creciente número de estudios sobre la vejiga en enuresis, es necesario desarrollar más estudios sobre los aspectos neurogénicos y psicogénicos de la enuresis.

Serum and urinary levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) in enuresis / Niveles séricos de factor neurotrófico derivado de cerebro en la enuresis

OBJECTIVES: Enuresis is one of the most frequently seen psycho-social problems in childhood, which causes anxiety and stress in the child, thus affecting his/her self-respect and quality of life. The aim of the study was to determine the role of bladder function or psychologic factors or both as factors causing enuresis. METHODS: This study on pediatric patients with primary enuresis included 30 patients with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MonoNE), 30 patients with polysymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PolyNE), and 30 healthy controls, making a total of 90 subjects with an age range of 8-18. In all subjects, the levels of serum and urinary Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) were measured, in addition to urinary creatinine levels and calculated as BDNF/Cr ng/mg creatinine (BDNF/ Cr). RESULTS: The serum BDNF results of the PolyNE group (0.949 ± 0.587) were significantly lower than those of the control group (1.158 ± 0.587) (p = 0.014). The urinary BDNF results of the PolyNE group (1.107 ± 0.360) were significantly higher than those of both the MonoNE (0.657 ± 0.272) and the control (0.670 ± 0.271) groups (p < 0.0001). The BDNF/Cr results of the PolyNE group (1.472 ± 0.714) were significantly higher than those of the MonoNE group (0.956 ± 1.017) and the control group (0.931 ± 0.618) (p = 0.044 and p = 0.032, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to bladder-specific problems, it is possible for anxiety and psychological stress-induced problems to occur in PolyNE. Therefore, in addition to the increasing number of studies on the bladder in enuresis, further studies on the neurogenic and psychogenic aspects of enuresis should be carried out

OBJETIVOS: La enuresis es uno de los problemas psicosociales más frecuentes en la infancia, que causa ansiedad y estrés a los niños, afectando a su autoestima y calidad de vida. El objetivo de este estudio es la determinación del papel de la función vesical, los factores psicológicos o ambos como factores causales de la enuresis. MÉTODOS: Este estudio en pacientes pediátricos con enuresis incluyó 30 pacientes con enuresis nocturna monosintomática (ENmono), 30 pacientes con enuresis nocturna polisintomática (ENpoli) y 30 controles sanos, sumando un total de 90 individuos con un rango de edad entre 8-18 años. En todos los casos se midieron los niveles séricos y urinarios de factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro (FNDC), además de los niveles de creatinina urinaria y se hizo el cálculo de FNDC/Cr ng/mg creatinina. RESULTADOS: Los resultados de FNDC sérico en el grupo ENpoli (0,949 ± 0,587) fueron significativamente menores que los del grupo control (1,158 ± 0,587) (p = 0,014). Los resultados de FNDC urinario en el grupo de ENpoli (1,107 ± 0,360) fueron significativamente mayores que los de los grupos ENmono (0,657 ± 0,272) y control (0,670 ± 0,271) (p < 0,0001). Los resultados de FNDC/Cr el grupo ENpoli (1,472 ± 0,714) eran significativamente mayores que los de los grupos ENMono (0,956 ± 1,017) y control (0,931 ± 0,618) (p = 0,044 y p = 0,032, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: Además de problemas específicos vesicales, es posible que los problemas de ansiedad e inducidos por estrés psicológico ocurran en la ENPoli. Por lo tanto, además del creciente número de estudios sobre la vejiga en enuresis, es necesario desarrollar más estudios sobre los aspectos neurogénicos y psicogénicos de la enuresis