ABSTRACT
The influence of salicylic (SA) and jasmonic (JA) acids as signaling systems mediators on the generation of H2O2 and expression of genes encoding protective proteins was studied in the leaves of wheat Triticum aestivum L. upon infection with the pathogen of septoriosis Septoria nodorum Berk. It was found that presowing treatment of seeds with SA and JA decreased the development of the fungus on the leaves of wheat and had a stimulating effect on the production of H2O2 in the area of infection. An increased expression of genes encoding oxalate oxidase AJ556991.1 and anionic peroxidase TC 151917 was shown in infected tissues with the method of polymerase chain reaction.
Subject(s)
Cyclopentanes/pharmacology , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Oxylipins/pharmacology , Salicylates/pharmacology , Triticum/drug effects , Ascomycota/drug effects , Ascomycota/pathogenicity , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects , Humans , Plant Diseases/genetics , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Proteins/biosynthesis , Plant Proteins/genetics , Seeds/drug effects , Seeds/growth & development , Seeds/microbiology , Triticum/genetics , Triticum/microbiologyABSTRACT
The influence of chitooligosaccharides (COS) with different degrees of acetylation (DA) on the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and changes in the level of gene expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins (oxalate oxidase AJ556991.1, peroxidase TC 151917, chitinase AV029935L, proteinase inhibitor EU293132.1) in the roots of the wheat Triticum aestivum L. inoculated with root rot pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoenaker was investigated. Differences were detected in plant responses to infection. These differences were due to the pretreatment of COS seeds with differing DA. Our results demonstrated that COS with a DA over 65% more effectively induced accumulation of H2O2 and increased the transcriptional activity of genes of PR-proteins as compared to COS with a DA of 30%. These data suggest an important role for DA in the manifestation of eliciting properties of COS, also in the presence of H2O2.
Subject(s)
Chitin/pharmacology , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Plant Immunity/drug effects , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Plant Roots/drug effects , Triticum/drug effects , Acetylation , Ascomycota/physiology , Chitin/analogs & derivatives , Chitinases/genetics , Chitinases/metabolism , Gene Expression/drug effects , Oxidoreductases/genetics , Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Peroxidase/genetics , Peroxidase/metabolism , Plant Diseases/immunology , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Roots/immunology , Plant Roots/metabolism , Plant Roots/microbiology , Triticum/immunology , Triticum/metabolism , Triticum/microbiologyABSTRACT
A comparison was performed with respect to the transcriptional activity of protective protein genes (peroxidase TC 151917, oxalate oxidase AJ556991.1, and proteinase inhibitor EU 293132.1) in five wheat cultivars (Omskaya 35 and 36, Simbirka, Bashkirskaya 26, and Kazakhstanskaya 10) infected with Septoria nodorum Berk, which causes septoria disease. The intensity of parasite development on leaves was assessed based on the areas of infectious sites in plant tissues. This value was minimal in cultivars Omskaya 35 and 36 and maximal in cultivars Simbirka and Kazakhstanskaya 10; cultivar Bashkirskaya 26 was at an intermediate position. Resistant cultivars had a higher degree of transcriptional activity of genes of anionic peroxidase, oxalate oxidase, and proteinase inhibitor during infection than sensitive cultivars. Our data demonstrate the prospects of using expression levels of the AJ556991. 1, TC 151917, and EU 293132.1 genes as markers for the selection of resistant wheat cultivars.
