Aflatoxin Biodetoxification Strategies Based on Postbiotics.

Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, and they are deemed the most perilous mycotoxin and food safety predicament. The exposure of humans to mycotoxins transpires either directly through the consumption of contaminated agricultural commodities or indirectly through the ingestion of items derived from animals that have been nourished with tainted substances of animal origin. To ensure the detoxification of AFs in animal and plant food products and to mitigate the risks they pose to public health and the economy, diverse techniques (physical, chemical, and biological) have been subject to scrutiny. By altering and eradicating the molecular structure of the toxin, all of these approaches impede its transmission to the digestive system and potentially diminish the accessibility of toxins to the target tissue, ultimately eliminating them. Given the pervasive predicaments attributed to the contamination of foods and feeds by AFs, it is of utmost importance to urgently devise cost-effective and appropriate strategies to combat this hazard. This review highlights the concept of AFs, definitions, and benefits of postbiotics and their biological role in the detoxification of AFs, as well as their benefits in the food-pharmaceutical industry.

Alarming impact of the excessive use of tert-butylhydroquinone in food products: A narrative review.

Tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is a food additive commonly used as a more effective protectant in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, the long-term exposure to TBHQ at higher doses (0.7 mg/kg) results in substantial danger to public health and brings a series of side effects, including cytotoxic, genotoxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects. As a result, the global burden of chronic diseases has fascinated consumers and governments regarding the safety assessment of food additives. Regarding contradictory reports of various research about the application of food additives, the accurate monitoring of food additives is urgent. Notwithstanding, there are reports of the therapeutic effects of TBHQ under pathologic conditions through activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Thus, further investigations are required to investigate the impact of TBHQ on public health and evaluate its mechanism of action on various organs and cells. Therefore, this review aimed to investigate TBHQ safety through an overview of its impacts on different tissues, cells, and biological macromolecules as well as its therapeutic effects under pathologic conditions.