ABSTRACT
Laying chickens were fed medicated feed containing various concentrations of sodium salinomycin (SAL) for 14 days followed by a 3 day withdrawal period. Eggs, collected during treatment and withdrawal, tissues and ovarian yolk of birds slaughtered after 0, 1, and 3 days' withdrawal were extracted and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Tissues, ovarian yolk and freeze-dried egg albumen and yolk were extracted with acetone, followed by partitioning with petroleum ether and HPLC analysis. Albumen was extracted with methanol and analysed without further clean-up. Salinomycin was detected at 520 nm after post-column reaction with vanillin at 95 degrees C. Recoveries of fortified salinomycin from freeze-dried eggs (albumen and yolk) and tissue, premix and feed were nearly quantitative (> 90%), except liver which was < 85%. The detection limit was estimated to be 5 ng g-1, with the practical quantifiable limit being about 10 ng g-1. Highest SAL concentrations were in the more fatty components such as egg yolk, ovarian yolk and subcutaneous fat. SAL residues in other tissues were generally low and followed the order liver, kidney, thigh and breast muscles. SAL residues were dependent on the SAL concentration in feed and declined rapidly during withdrawal.
Subject(s)
Coccidiostats/analysis , Coccidiostats/pharmacokinetics , Eggs/analysis , Pyrans/analysis , Pyrans/pharmacokinetics , Administration, Oral , Animals , Chickens , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Coccidiostats/administration & dosage , Drug Administration Schedule , Eating/drug effects , Female , Pyrans/administration & dosage , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
Anti-ulcerogenic activity of the methanolic extracts of 4 medicinal plants were studied in aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Their effects on the volume of gastric juice secreted, acid output, peptic activity, mucin activity and curative ratio were recorded. Bauhinia racemosa (flower buds) decreased the ulcer index significantly, and Moringa pterygosperma (flower buds) showed some decrease in the ulcer index. Trianthema pentandra (whole plant) did not show any decrease in the acid or pepsin content or any increase in mucin; however, it showed a highly significant decrease in the ulcer index. Cordia latifolia (ripened fruit) did not however decrease the ulcer index.
Subject(s)
Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use , Aspirin/toxicity , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plants, Medicinal , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Animals , Anti-Ulcer Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacology , Aspirin/administration & dosage , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Fabaceae , Gastric Acid/metabolism , Gastric Juice/metabolism , Methanol/chemistry , Mucins/metabolism , Pakistan , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Stomach Ulcer/chemically inducedABSTRACT
Antiulcerogenic efficacies of cimetidine and gefarnate were compared in the normal, aspirin, acetic acid and stress induced ulcerated albino rats. In addition, their effects on output of gastric acid, pepsin and hexosamine were studied in normal and experimentally ulcerated rats. Gefarnate increased the glucosamine. levels in normal and ulcerated rats A significant reduction in ulcer formation was observed with gefarnate in aspirin, acetic acid and stress induced ulcerous rats. Cimetidine did not reduce acid output in the presence of exogenous hydrochloric acid in aspirin treated rats. A decrease in glucosamine concentration was also observed with cimetidine in aspirin treated rats. Thus cimetidine did not significantly reduced ulcer formation in ulcerated rats. In the present study, gefarnate was found to be more effective than cimetidine because of its effect in normalization of mucus barrier.
