ABSTRACT
The incidence of urinary tract stones in infancy has been increasing in Turkey. Risk factors and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms were investigated in infants aged < 1 year who had stones. Forty infants with urinary tract stones and 80 infants without stones, aged < 1 year were enrolled in this study. Detailed surveys were taken of all infants, metabolic parameters and ApaI and FokI VDR gene polymorphisms were investigated. Infants with stones tended to be more commonly fed formula and multivitamins (vitamins A, C, D) (p < 0.05). Positive family history came into prominence in the stony group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in ApaI and FokI VDR gene polymorphisms between the groups with stones and the control groups. However, CA genotype of ApaI polymorphism was associated with family history and C allele of ApaI was related with family history and hypercalciuria (p < 0.05). Hypercalciuria emerged as an underlying metabolic abnormality in the etiology of stones, and was observed at a rate of 38%. Infants who are given formula and multivitamins for vitamin D supplementation are at increased risk for the formation of urinary tract stones. VDR gene polymorphisms cause the formation of urinary tract stones and affect calcium (Ca) metabolism.
Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements/adverse effects , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Hypercalciuria/epidemiology , Hypercalciuria/genetics , Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics , Urolithiasis/epidemiology , Urolithiasis/genetics , Vitamin D/adverse effects , Calcium/metabolism , Calcium/urine , Case-Control Studies , Diet Surveys , Female , Gene Frequency , Humans , Hypercalciuria/urine , Incidence , Infant , Infant Formula , Infant, Newborn , Male , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Risk Factors , Turkey/epidemiology , Urolithiasis/urine , Vitamin D/administration & dosageABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary incontinence (UI) in elementary school aged children in Manisa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring System (DVIS) which was developed in Turkey is used. A total of 416 children, 216 (51.9%) male and 200 (48.1%) female were recruited in this study. RESULTS: Mean age of children was 10.35 ± 2.44 years (median10 years). Daytime UI frequency was 6.7% (28 child), nocturnal incontinence 16.6% (69 child) and combined daytime and nocturnal incontinence 4.1% (17 child). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of nocturnal and or daytime UI between male and female gender. Mean DVIS score was 2.65 ± 3.95 and gender did not affect total DVIS points. The mean ages of achieving daytime bowel and bladder control were all significantly correlated with DVIS points. DVIS points were positively correlated with the history of UI of the family. Total points were increased when the father was unemployed. CONCLUSION: UI negatively influences health related quality of life of the family and child, so it is important that awareness of the UI and symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction.