[New breeding and technological evaluation criteria for fruit and berry products for the healthy and dietary food industry].

For the formation of a healthy diet, it is important to provide an economic and physical availability of the assortment of importsubstituting high quality and safe horticultural products, and to improve the industrial assortment. Wherein, the traits which define the consumer demand, such as quality and the chemical composition of fruits, saturation with essential micronutrients for healthy and dietary nutrition, should be taken into account in the first place among other breeding criteria, such as an early maturity and productivity. The aim of the research was the determination of breeding and technological priorities for fruits and berries from the point of view of the content of macro- and micronutrients for the development of dietary foodstuffs. Material and methods. The object of the investigation was the data on the content of protein, total sugar, mono- and disaccharides, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, organic acids, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, resveratrol, piceid, vitamins С, E, B1, B2, PP and carotenoids in samples of fruit and berry crops grown on the experimental production sites of the Federal Research Center named after I.V. Michurin (25 varieties of apple, 21 varieties of pear, 14 - of cherry, 5 - apricot, 10 - honeysuckle, 14 - strawberry, 8 forms of viburnum, 18 varieties of raspberry, 13 varieties of gooseberry, 10 forms of sea buckthorn, 12 varieties of plum, 8 varieties of red currant, 12 varieties of black currant). The statistical software package Statistica 6 was used for statistical data processing and construction of mathematical models. Results and discussion. The scale of priority distribution was developed, based on the analysis of the micronutrient composition of fruit and berries. The limits of low, medium and high micronutrient content in horticultural products were defined. Therefore, the threshold values of high level (3 points) were determined as ≥6 g/100 g for the dietary fiber and ≥30% of the recommended daily intake for the biologically active substances (BAS), minerals and trace elements. The threshold values of medium level of content (2 points) were determined as ≥3 g/100 g for the dietary fiber, ≥15% of the recommended daily intake for the BAS, minerals and trace elements. And threshold values of low level of content (1 points) were determined as values of indicators which are less than aforementioned. It was found that the categories of low priority (1 point) in the studied crops include protein, vitamins B1 (except for honeysuckle), B2, E (except for sea buckthorn) and PP, as well as sodium, calcium and zinc. The majority of the research objects has medium values as a source of soluble dietary fiber, carotenoids, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and potassium. The content of ascorbic acid and polyphenolic compounds, including anthocyanidins demonstrates the highest priority among the studied crops (3 points). According to the data obtained, the most of cultivars has a high content of organic acids (citric and malic), and more than 45.0% of the cultivars have a high content of vitamin C. 55.8% of cultivars have a high content of polyphenolic compounds, while 23.4% of cultivars are the sources of polyphenolic compounds too. Also 45.8% of cultivars have a high content of anthocyanidins, 25.0% of cultivars have a high content of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids, 2.9% of cultivars are rich in iron. 62.0% of cultivars are the sources of soluble dietary fiber, 49.6% - sources of flavonoids, 13.0% - sources of potassium, 5.8% - sources of magnesium, 2.9% - sources of copper. Conclusion. The assessment of the chemical composition of fruits and berries from the standpoint of the presence and the content of macro- and micronutrients and BAS, proposed as a breeding program priority for the development of foodstuffs for specialized, dietary and therapeutic nutrition, is the basis for the future work on identification of complex sources, formation of unique food matrices, and selection of technological processes to develope a line of specialized foodstuffs.

[Biological value of fruits and berries of Russian production].

Fruits and berries are the most important sources of a wide range of biologically active substances, including vitamin C, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins. In order to replenish and update data on the content of food and biologically active substances in the tables of the chemical composition of food products, a study of the content of mono- and disaccharides, dietary fiber was carried out; vitamins C, B1, B2 and E, minerals and trace elements; flavonoids (in terms of rutin), anthocyanins; organic and hydroxycinnamic acids, stilbenoids in various varieties of 16 fruit and berry crops. Material and methods. The material for the study was the fruits of promising varieties and selected forms of pome fruit (apple, pear), stone fruit (cherry, plum, apricot), berry (garden strawberry, raspberry, black currant, red currant, gooseberry), non-traditional crops (actinidia, honeysuckle, cornelian cherry, viburnum, sea buckthorn, rosehip) - a total of 208 samples grown at the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center. The B vitamins were determined by the fluorometric method, and vitamin E, organic and hydroxycinnamic acids, carbohydrates, and stilbenoids were determined by HPLC. The amount of anthocyanin pigments was determined by pH differential spectrophotometry, dietary fiber - by enzymatic-gravimetric method, flavonoids - spectrophotometrically. Results and discussion. The main carbohydrate of apricot is sucrose, black currants, cherries, raspberries and honeysuckle contain mainly fructose and glucose. Raspberries and currants are high in fiber. Comparison of the obtained data on the content of vitamins B1, B2, E, flavonoids and anthocyanins in the studied population of varieties in comparison with the published data of tables of the chemical composition of food products in the USA and Russia was carried out. By the content of vitamin C in descending order, the fruits are arranged in a row: black currant > sea buckthorn > honeysuckle > strawberry > red currant > viburnum > gooseberry > raspberry > apple. Berries, making a significant contribution to providing the body with vitamin C, are not an essential source of vitamins B and E. The inclusion of 100 g of fresh fruit in the diet provides about 10% of the recommended dietary intake for potassium (apricot, gooseberry, cherry and black currant), magnesium (apple, cherry, strawberry) and dietary fiber. Honeysuckle and black currant are high in anthocyanins; consumption of 100 g of these berries will ensure adequate intake of these micronutrients. Some varieties of strawberries, apples and pears are rich in hydroxycinnamic acids. The data obtained can be used to refine the indicators in the existing tables of the chemical composition of food products. Conclusion. The obtained data on the composition of fruit and berry products will make it possible to more correctly calculate the nutritional value of rations using questionnaire-survey methods. Combined analysis of the composition of biologically active substances in berries and fruits makes it possible to more reasonably make the choice of a particular product in the dietary correction of the ration of healthy and sick people.

[The study of the polyphenolic complex and iridoid glycosides in various cultivars of edible honeysuckle fruits Lonicera edulis Turcz. ex Freyn].

The high content of minor biologically active substances in the fruits of wild-growing and cultivated varieties of honeysuckle, along with the low knowledge of the chemical composition of domestic varieties, determines the relevance of the study of their qualitative and quantitative composition. The aim of the work was to study the detailed composition of the main groups of biologically active polyphenolic compounds [anthocyanins, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs), proanthocyanidins] and iridoids in various cultivars of domestic edible honeysuckle fruits (Lonicera edulis Turcz. Ex Freyn). Material and methods. 15 samples of frozen fruits of edible honeysuckle harvested in Tambov, Voronezh, Moscow regions and Karelia were investigated. The total content of polyphenolic compounds (in terms of gallic acid equivalents) was determined by the modified Folin-Ciocalteu method, the total content of monomeric anthocyanins (in terms of cyanidin-3-glucoside) - by pH-differential spectrophotometry, proanthocyanidins (in terms of procyanidin B2) - by the modified Bate-Smith method. The profiles of individual anthocyanins, iridoids, flavonoids and HCAs was determined by HPLC-DAD/TOF-MS. The carbohydrate profile by capillary electrophoresis and antiradical activity in DPPH test in vitro were investigated as well. Results and discussion. The main groups of polyphenolic compounds were anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was found as predominant among anthocyanins (>85% of their sum). Substantial amounts of iridoids (from 78.0 till 341.8 mg/100 g) were found in the honeysuckle examined. The loganic acid and loganine prevailed among iridoids. The total content of flavonoids varied in the range of 9.2- 46.6 mg/100 g, the main of which was rutin. Among HCAs chlorogenic acid prevailed, which accounted for 85.7-90.4% of the total amount of HCAs (45.9-79.8 mg/100 g). A correlation was found between the amount of polyphenolic compounds and the antiradical properties of honeysuckle fruits in DPPH test. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study the most promising varieties of domestic honeysuckle in terms of the highest content of polyphenolic antioxidants and iridoids with potential anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial and other types of biological activity were determined for the first time.

[Consumption of carbohydratecontaining beverages and their contribution to the total calorie content of the diet].

The article presents data on the frequency of consumption of carbohydrate-containing sweet carbonated drinks by the population of the Russian Federation and their contribution to the overall caloric intake of the diet. Questioning 11 850 people of different ages (from 12 to 60 years) and sex in all eight Federal Districts of Russia has been conducted. The frequency of food consumption has been studied, and in parallel dietary intake has been assessed using 24-hour recall method. The survey showed a fairly low frequency of consumption of sweet carbonated beverages and no significant differences in the frequency of their consumption by the population of various federal districts of Russia. With a certain frequency from 55.5 to 67.3% of the population consumed sweet carbonated drinks, while 18.1-20.9% of the respondents did not consume them more often 1-3 times a month, and 1.3% of the surveyed (from 0.3% in the North- West to 3.9% in the Southern Federal District) - 2 times a day or more often. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the contribution of the carbohydrate component contained in sweet carbonated beverages, even when consumed frequently (5-6 times a week) did not exceed 3.71% of the total diet calorie intake and not more than 7.1% of the caloric value of carbohydrates' intake.

[Associations between high levels of hostility and coronary heart disease in an open urban population among 25-64-year-old men]. / Assotsiatsii vysokogo urovnia vrazhdebnosti i ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa v otkrytoi gorodskoi populiatsii sredi muzhchin 25­64 let.

AIM: To establish the associations of the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) with high levels of hostility in the open population of 25-64-year-old men in an average urbanized Siberian town. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted in a representative sample of the electorate of a Tyumen administrative district among 1000 males, with 250 being in each of 4 life decades (25-34, 35-44, 45-54, and 55-64 years). There were 850 (85%) responses. Different forms of CHD were identified by standard methods (the WHO exertional angina questionnaire, resting EEG, and Minnesota coding) used in epidemiological surveys. Definite CHD (DCHD) and possible CHD were identified. A continuous survey method was used by self-filling out the WHO MONICA-psychosocial questionnaire to estimate the levels of hostility. RESULTS: In an average urbanized Siberian town, the prevalence of high levels of hostility among 25-64-year-old men was 46.4% (age-adjusted rate). The high levels of hostility increased with age, peaking in the 55-64-year-old group. In the Tyumen male population aged 25-64-year-old, the odds ratio (OR) for coronary heart disease and high levels of hostility was 2.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.63-4.52 (p<0.05); that for DCHD was almost twice higher (OR, 4.65; 95% CI, 2.14-10.12 (p<0.05). In the older men aged 55-64 years, OR for coronary heart disease and high levels of hostility was 5.42; 95% CI, 2.32-12.66 (p<0.05); that for DCHD was 25.85; 95% CI, 3.30-202.60 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Consequently, the epidemiological criteria for psychosocial risk factors, including hostility, which are detected by the standardized survey methods, should be used in prophylactic examinations of a male population and in the selection of able-bodied people with cardiovascular disease to be comprehensively examined and followed up.

[Expansion of the range of anthocyanin food colorants from unconventional vegetal primary products].

The purpose of work to study the content of anthocyanins and other biologically active substances in residues of fruits of Sanberri from receivingjuice and mash. It is established that residues contained over 70% solids, more than 60% of dietary fiber, to 55.4 mg/% of ascorbic acid and up to 90.0 mg/% of anthocyanins. Furthermore, they possessed high antioxidant activity (156.8-399.4 mg/% dihydroquercetin equivalent) that allowed to recommend them as raw materials for receiving natural food colorants. The concentrated food dye from Sanberri's residue (50-51% soluble solids) had intensive color varying from dark-violet (at acidity of 1.0%) to claret-red (at acidity of 3.0%), possessed high antioxidant activity (1308.2-2223.5 mg/%) and contained a large amount of anthocyanins (666-976 mg/%).

E.L.I.S. (eburnamenine-like indole structures), extracted from medicinal plants, as performance catalysts in sports.

The main goal of this study is to describe the scientific basis of the beneficial effects of E.L.I.S. using, intended to improve motor coordination and muscular memory, optimizing the neuronal circuits throughout the entire body, involved in learning and doing sports. These effects, combined with the synergic action presented by these extracts (E.L.I.S.) when administered together with compounds of xanthine structure, also lead to improved blood circulation and glucose consumption optimizing the cellular metabolism, the production of neurotransmitters and the cognitive capacity and, therefore, the cerebral activity is reinforced in general both in the short term and the long-term after administering them orally. 285 references of scientific literature relating to the E.L.I.S. are submitted on the basis of requests from olympics2014@memorysecret.net and olympics.sochi@ memorysecret.net.

New type of B-periodic magneto-oscillations in a two-dimensional electron system induced by microwave irradiation.

We observe a new type of magneto-oscillations in the photovoltage and the longitudinal resistance of a two-dimensional electron system. The oscillations are induced by microwave radiation and are periodic in magnetic field. The period is determined by the microwave frequency, the electron density, and the distance between potential probes. The phenomenon is accounted for by interference of coherently excited edge magnetoplasmons in the contact regions and offers perspectives for developing new tunable microwave and terahertz detection schemes and spectroscopic techniques.