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1.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater ; 109(4): 584-595, 2021 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32935912

ABSTRACT

Implant-associated soft tissue infections at the skin-implant interface represent the most frequent complications in reconstructive surgery and lead to implant failures and revisions. Titanium implants with deep porosity, called skin-and-bone-integrated-pylons (SBIP), allow for skin ingrowth in the morphologically natural direction, thus restoring a reliable dermal barrier and reducing the risk of infection. Silver coating of the SBIP implant surface using physical vapor deposition technique offers the possibility of preventing biofilm formation and exerting a direct antimicrobial effect during the wound healing phase. In vivo studies employing pig and rabbit dorsum models for assessment of skin ingrowth into the pores of the pylon demonstrated the safety of transcutaneous implantation of the SBIP system. No postoperative complications were reported at the end of the follow-up period of 6 months. Histological analysis proved skin ingrowth in the minipig model without signs of silver toxicity. Analysis of silver release (using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) in the model of intramedullary-inserted silver-coated SBIP in New Zealand rabbits demonstrated trace amounts of silver after 3 months of in-bone implantation. In conclusion, selected temporary silver coating of the SBIP implant surface is powerful at preventing the periprosthetic infections without imparing skin ingrowth and can be considered for clinical application.


Subject(s)
Coated Materials, Biocompatible , Implants, Experimental , Silver/pharmacology , Soft Tissue Infections/prevention & control , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Wound Healing , Absorbable Implants , Animals , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/adverse effects , Implants, Experimental/adverse effects , Male , Materials Testing , Matrix Metalloproteinases/analysis , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Osseointegration , Porosity , Prosthesis Design , Rabbits , Silver/administration & dosage , Skin/injuries , Soft Tissue Infections/etiology , Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission , Surgical Wound Infection/etiology , Swine , Titanium , Wound Healing/drug effects
2.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater ; 107(1): 169-177, 2019 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29573163

ABSTRACT

Periprosthetic infection via skin-implant interface is a leading cause of failures and revisions in direct skeletal attachment of limb prostheses. Implants with deep porosity fabricated with skin and bone integrated pylons (SBIP) technology allow for skin ingrowth through the implant's structure creating natural barrier against infection. However, until the skin cells remodel in all pores of the implant, additional care is required to prevent from entering bacteria to the still nonoccupied pores. Temporary silver coating was evaluated in this work as a means to provide protection from infection immediately after implantation followed by dissolution of silver layer in few weeks. A sputtering coating with 1 µm thickness was selected to be sufficient for fighting infection until the deep ingrowth of skin in the porous structure of the pylon is completed. In vitro study showed less bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) growth on silver coated tablets compared to the control group. Analysis of cellular density of MG-63 cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed that silver coating did not inhibit the cell growth on the implants and did not affect cellular functional activity. The in vivo study did not show any postoperative complications during the 6-month observation period in the model of above-knee amputation in rabbits when SBIP implants, either silver-coated or untreated were inserted into the bone residuum. Three-phase scintigraphy demonstrated angiogenesis in the pores of the pylons. The findings suggest that a silver coating with well-chosen specifications can increase the safety of porous implants for direct skeletal attachment. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 169-177, 2019.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Bacteria/growth & development , Bacterial Infections , Bone-Implant Interface , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry , Implants, Experimental/microbiology , Silver/chemistry , Skin , Animals , Bacterial Infections/metabolism , Bacterial Infections/pathology , Bone-Implant Interface/microbiology , Bone-Implant Interface/pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Humans , Male , Porosity , Rabbits , Skin/microbiology , Skin/pathology
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