Phenolic compounds, essential oil composition, and antioxidant activity of Angelica purpurascens (Avé-Lall.) Gill.

In this study, methanol extracts (MEs) and essential oil (EO) of Angelica purpurascens (Avé-Lall.) Gill obtained from different parts (root, stem, leaf, and seed) were evaluated in terms of antioxidant activity, total phenolics, compositions of phenolic compound, and essential oil with the methods of 2,2-azino-bis(3ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH•) radical scavenging activities, and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), the Folin-Ciocalteu, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The root extract of A. purpurascens exhibited the highest ABTS•+, DPPH•, and FRAP activities (IC50: 0.05 ± 0.0001 mg/mL, IC50: 0.06 ± 0.002 mg/mL, 821.04 ± 15.96 µM TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity), respectively). Moreover, EO of A. purpurascens root displayed DPPH• scavenging activity (IC50: 2.95 ± 0.084 mg/mL). The root extract had the highest total phenolic content (438.75 ± 16.39 GAE (gallic acid equivalent), µg/mL)). Twenty compounds were identified by LC-MS/MS. The most abundant phenolics were ferulic acid (244.39 ± 15.64 µg/g extract), benzoic acid (138.18 ± 8.84 µg/g extract), oleuropein (78.04 ± 4.99 µg/g extract), and rutin (31.21 ± 2.00 µg/g extract) in seed, stem, root, and leaf extracts, respectively. According to the GC-MS analysis, the major components were determined as α-bisabolol (22.93%), cubebol (14.39%), α-pinene (11.63%), and α-limonene (9.41%) among 29 compounds. Consequently, the MEs and EO of A. purpurascens can be used as a natural antioxidant source.

First determination of some phenolic compounds and antimicrobial activities of Geranium ibericum subsp. jubatum: A plant endemic to Turkey.

This paper includes the results of the first study about the phenolic characteristics and antimicrobial analyses of Geranium ibericum subsp. jubatum species found in Turkey . In the present work, the phenolic contents of different parts of the G. ibericum (flower, root, leaf) were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-DAD (diode-array detector) and liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS (mass spectrometry). The following phenolic compounds were investigated: catechin, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p -coumaric acid, rutin, naringenin, kaempferol . Based on the results obtained, the roots and flowers of the plant are found to be very rich in ellagic acid (3473.57 µg g-1 dry plant) and catechin (2228.76 µg g-1 dry plant). The amount of chlorogenic acid (54.570 µg g-1 dry plant) is also high in the roots. The amounts of protocatechuic acid (122.5 µg g-1 dry plant) and gallic acid (725.34 µg g-1 dry plant) are high in the leaves. In addition, the total extract of G. ibericum obtained from leaf, flower, and root was tested against 6 gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans . The G. ibericum extract was nearly as effective as commercial antibiotics at some concentrations (500-750 µg µL-1) for Acinetobacter baumannii , Klebsiella pneumonia , Proteus mirabilis , and Bacillus cereus .