ABSTRACT
The article presents analysis of activities concerning organization of pre-analytic stage of monitoring of HIV resistance to anti- retrovirus preparations on territories of the Privolzhskiy Federal Okrug. The medical records of patients receiving anti-retrovirus therapy and appointment cards to detect drug resistance of HIV from territorial centers of prevention and control of AIDS and infectious diseases are analyzed. The results of testing of specialists of service of prevention of AIDS/HIV with questionnaire "Characteristics of pre-analytical stage under implementation of molecular genetic and immunologic analyses" developed in the Privolzhskiy okrug center of prevention and control ofAIDS and samples of bio-tests obtained during coming-outs in regions of okrug were included into analysis too. The failures in implementation of pre-analytical stage were established. Hence, the subsequent decreasing of informativeness of analyses or inexpediency or even impossibility of application of testing of AIDS drug resistance. The recommendations are proposed concerning main directions of work to enhance pre-analytical stage of analysis of AIDS resistance to anti-retrovirus preparations.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics , HIV/drug effects , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology , HIV/genetics , Humans , RussiaABSTRACT
1,036 HIV-infected persons were detected in the area by March 1, 1998; of these, 552 persons were detected in Nizhny Novgorod Province and 364 persons in Saratov Province. For all that at different periods 150 HIV-infected detainees were kept in the pretrial detention prisons of Nizhny Novgorod Province and 60 HIV-infected detainees, in the pretrial detention prisons of Saratov Province. Some measures permitting the prevention of further increase in the occurrence of HIV infection in the region are proposed.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV-1 , Humans , Morbidity/trends , Opioid-Related Disorders/complications , Russia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The comparative study of the level knowledge on HIV infection and AIDS among school children was carried out. The prophylactic work among school children yielded positive results, which was statistically confirmed by the analysis of answers to questionnaires, distributed before and after lectures.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV-1 , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Adolescent , Child , Health Education/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Russia , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The electrophoretic study of the RNA of human rotavirus strains (1146 strains) circulating in 9 cities at the territory of the European part of the RSFSR was carried out. The electrophoretic (EP) types of rotavirus were established in each individual area. The study revealed that the most widespread rotaviruses responsible for the majority of gastroenteritis cases are those with the long EP type of RNA, characterized by the joint migration of segments 2, 3 and 7 (the 3rd EP type of RNA). Rotaviruses with the 3rd EP type of RNA much more often induce a severe course of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children aged 8 months to 3 years.
Subject(s)
Rotavirus Infections/microbiology , Rotavirus/classification , Acute Disease , Chi-Square Distribution , Child, Preschool , Electrophoresis , Feces/microbiology , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/microbiology , Humans , Incidence , Infant , RNA, Viral/analysis , Rotavirus/genetics , Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology , Russia/epidemiology , Urban Population/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Rotavirus RNA was detected in nasopharyngeal washings, obtained from patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis (76.3% of cases) and gastroenteritis of unknown etiology (34.7% of cases), by the method of molecular hybridization with the use of RNA of monkey virus SA11, labeled with 32P in the process of T4-ligase reaction. In 100% of cases this detection correlated with the presence of lesions of the upper respiratory ways and was probably indicative of the rotavirus nature of the catarrhal syndrome in rotavirus gastroenteritis.
Subject(s)
Nasopharynx/microbiology , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , RNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Rotavirus/isolation & purification , Acute Disease , Child , Child, Preschool , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Feces/microbiology , Gastroenteritis/microbiology , Humans , Infant , Nucleic Acid Hybridization/genetics , RNA Probes , RNA, Viral/genetics , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Rotavirus/geneticsABSTRACT
The schemes for profiles of migration of RNA segments from human rotaviruses isolated in Gorky city in 1981-1987 are presented. The groups of the "long", "short" and "wide" electrophoretypes were identified. The dominant rotaviral phoretypes are determined. The possibilities of electrophoretyping and prospects of the future research are discussed.
Subject(s)
Genes, Viral , RNA, Viral/analysis , Rotavirus/genetics , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , HumansABSTRACT
The findings of epidemiological study of rotavirus infections among children in Gorki over the period of 1981-1985 are analyzed. The age of the patients is specified, as are the disease seasonal patterns and the incidence rates of its manifest and asymptomatic forms, and of carriership cases among healthy children in different foci of this infection.
Subject(s)
Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology , Acute Disease , Age Factors , Carrier State/epidemiology , Carrier State/microbiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Convalescence , Feces/microbiology , Gastroenteritis/microbiology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Meteorological Concepts , Rotavirus/isolation & purification , Rotavirus Infections/microbiology , Russia , Seasons , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
The materials on the epidemiological supervision of poliomyelitis in a large city, carried out in 1972-1981, are presented. Two periods differing in morbidity rate, in the level of population immunity to poliomyelitis and in the activity of the poliovirus circulation are defined. The supervision of poliomyelitis is shown to be capable of influencing the course of the epidemic process of this infection provided that the individual elements of such supervision are correctly evaluated in different epidemic situations.