Reactivation of coccidioidomycosis: a prosthetic joint infection in Spain.

A resident of Spain was found to have a prosthetic knee infection due to coccidioidomycosis. He had a history of having pneumonia which resolved while living in an area of California endemic for Coccidioides in 1957-1961. The patient left California in 1961 returned to Spain and never left Spain thereafter. In 2006, a total knee replacement was done. In 2013, a prosthetic knee infection was documented due to coccidioidomycosis. By molecular DNA analysis, Coccidioides immitis was identified from the knee tissue, a species most commonly found in California. This represents reactivation of a Coccidioides infection 56 years after leaving the endemic area.

[Fever, pleural effusion and osteolytic lesion in a patient with HIV infection]. / Fiebre, derrame pleural y lesión osteolítica en paciente con infección por VIH.

We present the case of a 28 year old patient who came for consultation on a fever of up to 40.8 degrees C, pleuritic pain on the right side and the appearance of a painful mass in the lower left extremity of four days evolution. Computerised axial tomography (CAT) showed the existence of a condensation in the middle lobe of the right lung with associated pleural effusion and bilateral miliary pattern. The echographic study of the lower left extremity showed a mass of soft parts with a cystic aspect with destruction of the cortical of the fibula and osseous destruction. Magnetic resonance confirmed the presence of osteomyelitis in the left fibula and of an abscess; Mycobacterium tuberculosis was also isolated in three samples of sputum that led to a diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis with miliary lung affectation, peroneous osteomyelitis and tuberculous abscess of the soft parts. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was started (riphampicine, isoniacide and pirazinamide) followed, two weeks later, with antiretroviral treatment (AZT, 3TC and NVP). The patient developed a clinical picture of generalised cutaneous eruption that disappeared following the replacement of the riphampicine by etambutol. Due to the persistence of the mass of soft parts following five weeks of anti-tuberculosis treatment, we proceeded to surgical draining of the abscess. The subsequent evolution was favourable, with the patient remaining asymptomatic one month after hospital discharge.

Fiebre, derrame pleural y lesión osteolítica en paciente con infección por VIH / Fever, pleural effusion and osteolytic lesion in a patient with HIV infection

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 28 años que consultó por fiebre de hasta 40,8ºC, dolor pleurítico en costado derecho y aparición de una masa dolorosa en la extremidad inferior izquierda de cuatro días de evolución. Mediante tomografía axial computerizada (TAC) se objetivó la existencia de una condensación en el lóbulo medio del pulmón derecho con derrame pleural asociado y patrón miliar bilateral. El estudio ecográfico de la extremidad inferior izquierda mostró una masa de partes blandas de aspecto quístico con destrucción de la cortical del peroné y destrucción ósea. La resonancia magnética confirmó la presencia de osteomielitis en el peroné izquierdo y de un absceso de partes blandas asociado. En el material obtenido por punción del citado absceso así como en tres muestras de esputo se aisló Mycobacterium tuberculosis, estableciéndose el diagnóstico de tuberculosis diseminada con afectación pulmonar miliar, osteomielitis peronea y absceso tuberculoso de partes blandas. Se inició tratamiento antituberculoso (rifampicina, isoniacida y pirazinamida) seguido, dos semanas después, de tratamiento antirretroviral (AZT, 3TC y NVP). La paciente desarrolló un cuadro de erupción cutánea generalizada que desapareció tras la sustitución de la rifampicina por etambutol. Ante la persistencia de la masa de partes blandas, tras cinco semanas de tratamiento antituberculoso se procedió al drenaje quirúrgico del absceso. La evolución posterior fue favorable, permaneciendo la paciente asintomática al mes de ser dada de alta

We present the case of a 28 year old patient who came for consultation on a fever of up to 40.8º C, pleuritic pain on the right side and the appearance of a painful mass in the lower left extremity of four days evolution. Computerised axial tomography (CAT) showed the existence of a condensation in the middle lobe of the right lung with associated pleural effusion and bilateral miliary pattern. The echographic study of the lower left extremity showed a mass of soft parts with a cystic aspect with destruction of the cortical of the fibula and osseous destruction. Magnetic resonance confirmed the presence of osteomyelitis in the left fibula and of an abscess; Mycobacterium tuberculosis was also isolated in three samples of sputum that led to a diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis with miliary lung affectation, peroneous osteomyelitis and tuberculous abscess of the soft parts. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was started (riphampicine, isoniacide and pirazinamide) followed, two weeks later, with antiretroviral treatment (AZT, 3TC and NVP). The patient developed a clinical picture of generalised cutaneous eruption that disappeared following the replacement of the riphampicine by etambutol. Due to the persistence of the mass of soft parts following five weeks of anti-tuberculosis treatment, we proceeded to surgical draining of the abscess. The subsequent evolution was favourable, with the patient remaining asymptomatic one month after hospital discharge