ABSTRACT
The advent of nanotechnology has been instrumental in the development of new drugs with novel targets. Recently, metallic nanoparticles have emerged as potential candidates to combat the threat of drug-resistant infections. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the dreadful complications of diabetes mellitus due to the colonization of numerous drug-resistant pathogenic microbes leading to biofilm formation. Biofilms are difficult to treat due to limited penetration and non-specificity of drugs. Therefore, in the current investigation, SnO2 nanoparticles were biosynthesized using Artemisia vulgaris (AvTO-NPs) as a stabilizing agent and were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, the efficacy of AvTO-NPs against biofilms and virulence factors of drug-resistant Candida albicans strains isolated from DFUs was assessed. AvTO-NPs displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1 mg/mL to 2 mg/mL against four strains of C. albicans. AvTO-NPs significantly inhibited biofilm formation by 54.8%-87%, germ tube formation by 72%-90%, cell surface hydrophobicity by 68.2%-82.8%, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by 69%-86.3% in the test strains at respective 1/2xMIC. Biosynthesized NPs were effective in disrupting established mature biofilms of test strains significantly. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the AvTO-NPs-treated C. albicans could be the possible cause of cell death leading to biofilm inhibition. The useful insights of the present study could be exploited in the current line of treatment to mitigate the threat of biofilm-related persistent DFUs and expedite wound healing.
Subject(s)
Artemisia , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetic Foot , Metal Nanoparticles , Candida albicans , Virulence Factors/pharmacology , Tin/pharmacology , Azoles/pharmacology , Oxides/pharmacology , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Biofilms , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/chemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of ABI and TBI in the detection of ulcer wounds among diabetic patients. METHODS: A retrospective approach is used to enroll 192 diabetic patients to detect their ulcer wounds using ABI and TBI index. HbA1c and lipid profile were other important variables in determining the efficacy of screening test. Frequency analysis and Pearson Correlation were used to analyze the data through SPSS. FINDINGS: The results have shown that 57.1% male and 42.9% female were treated in <0.60 ABI group; 67.4% male and 32.6% female were treated in 0.60-0.90 ABI group; 65.9% male and 34.1% female were treated in 0.90-1.30 ABI group; and 63.8% male and 36.2% female were treated in >1.30 ABI group. The correlation showed insignificant association between ABI and ulcer outcomes, but significant association between TBI and ulcer outcomes at 5% level of significance. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that ABI should be based on standardized normal values to be used as an effective biomarker in screening diabetic foot ulcer patients.
Subject(s)
Ankle Brachial Index , Diabetic Foot/prevention & control , Toes/blood supply , Wound Healing , Diabetic Foot/diagnosis , Diabetic Foot/epidemiology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incidence , Male , Prognosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
The aim of this work was to elucidate a possible protective role of Rumex vesicarius L. (RV) against malathion (MT)-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male albino rats. Forty-eight adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: Group I (control group), 12 rats, divided into two equal subgroups: subgroup Ia received a single intraperitoneal (ip) dose of ½ ml corn oil. Subgroup Ib received oral RV 200 mg/kg daily. Two rats from each subgroup were sacrificed at one day, seven and 28 days. Group II (MT- treated group) 18 rats, each received a single ip dose of 250 mg/kg MT. They were further divided into three equal subgroups: IIa sacrificed at one day, IIb at seven days and IIc at 28 days. Group III (MT plus RV-treated group) 18 rats, each received a single ip dose of MT plus daily RV orally. They were further divided into three equal subgroups: IIIa sacrificed at one day, IIIb at seven days and IIIc at 28 days. Body (BW) and liver weights were recorded and blood samples were collected for Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Livers of rats were processed for light and electron microscopic examination.MT administration induced significant decrease in BW and relative liver weights and significant increase in ALT, AST, and ALP levels in addition to histological alterations. Some hepatocytes showed pyknotic nuclei, rarefied, vacuolated, or dark cytoplasm, fat-like droplets with congestion of blood sinusoids and widened space of Disse, appearance of collagenous bundles, abnormal mitochondria with fusion of cytoplasmic organelles in Electron microscopy. Addition of RV to MT in group III significantly improved BW and relative liver weights, biochemical parameters as well as histological picture. MT administration resulted in marked degeneration in the liver that was ameliorated by with concomitant administration of RV
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