ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella species cause worldwide problems in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This study aimed to determine possible risk factors for infection or colonization with ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBLKp) during an outbreak in the NICU. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among neonates admitted to the NICU of a teaching hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during an outbreak of ESBLKp from April to July 2008. The incidence density ratio was calculated to determine possible predictors of ESBLKp colonization or infection. RESULTS: During 2,265 person-days of follow-up of 118 neonates, 4 became infected, and 8 were colonized with ESBLKp. Univariate analyzes revealed that, among 14 neonates who were treated with vancomycin, 9 (64.3%) developed infection or colonization with ESBLKp, whereas, among 104 neonates who were not treated with vancomycin, 3 (2.9%) were affected, with an incidence density ratio of 4.22 (95% confidence interval: 1.47-5.15). Parenteral feeding and mechanical ventilation were found to be marginally significant risk factors. CONCLUSION: Treatment with vancomycin appears to be a risk factor for infection or colonization with ESBLKp in the NICU setting.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Disease Outbreaks , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Klebsiella Infections/epidemiology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzymology , Vancomycin/administration & dosage , beta-Lactamases/metabolism , Cohort Studies , Female , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Klebsiella Infections/microbiology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Male , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Saudi Arabia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To examine susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii ) against carbapenems along with colistin and tigecycline as alternative therapeutic options. METHODS: A total of 117 strains of multidrug-resistant (MDR) non-fermenting Gram negative bacteria isolated from non-duplicate samples were collected consecutively. We included one sample from each patient (84 isolates of A. baumannii and 33 isolates of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients seen at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from June to December 2010). Isolates were identified by the MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus system. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by E-test following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoint recommendations. RESULTS: Most A. baumannii strains were resistant to imipenem (90.5%), meropenem (90.5%), and doripenem (77.4%). Whereas, a higher percentage of P. aeruginosa was resistant to imipenem (90.9%), and meropenem (81.8%), only 39.4% were resistant to doripenem. Colistin had excellent activity against both A. baumannii (100%) and P. aeruginosa (93.9%), while 89.3% of A. baumannii strains were susceptible to tigecycline. CONCLUSION: Among the carbapenems, doripenem was found to be the most potent antimicrobial agent against P. aeruginosa, whereas colistin proved to be an effective alternative antimicrobial agent for treatment of A. baumannii or P. aeruginosa. Tigecycline remains the best therapeutic option for MDR A. baumannii.
