ABSTRACT
The aim was to describe the three eyes of three patients with severe firework-related ocular injuries. The three eyes of three patients with firework injuries were studied. All patients were men aged 5, 11, and 31 years. All underwent a complete ocular examination, and two had surgical intervention. Two eyes received surgical treatment. One eye had evisceration, and the other eye had lens aspiration with a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Final visual acuity was no light perception, light perception, and 20/50. Ocular trauma from fireworks can cause a significant ocular morbidity, especially in children. Public health education on the hazards of fireworks is crucial to prevent a permanent visual loss.
Subject(s)
Blast Injuries , Eye Injuries , Child , Male , Humans , Female , Blast Injuries/complications , Blast Injuries/diagnosis , Eye Injuries/diagnosis , Eye Injuries/etiology , Eye Injuries/surgery , Vision Disorders , Visual Acuity , Blindness , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic noncommunicable disease (NCD), has assumed epidemic proportions worldwide. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is defined as chronic high blood glucose levels due to the deficiency of insulin or resistance to it. Dyslipidemia is one of the major causes of cardiovascular diseases in patients with T2D. It is characterized by elevated plasma triglyceride (TG), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which is mostly present in patients with DM. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study at the King Faisal University (KFU) Health Center in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. The data of patients from October 2014 to February 2021 were collected. We collected the patients' data from the KFU Health Center after obtaining approval from the KFU polyclinic administration. Prior ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Board of Ethics and Research Committee in the College of Medicine, KFU (approval number, 2020-10-62). We collected patients' data, including their gender, age, nationality, and blood analysis (lipids profile - TGs, HDL, LDL, and hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] levels). RESULT: This study included 191 patients with T2D, 137 (71.7%) were from Saudi Arabia, and 54 (28.3%) were from other countries. Patients' age ranged from 21 to 100 years, with a mean age of 56.2 ± 11.8 years. There were 107 (56%) females. Cholesterol levels ranged from 102 to 300 mg/dl with a mean value of 187.3 mg/dl. CONCLUSION: In the current study, we assessed the association between HbA1c levels and lipid profiles in patients with T2D at the KFU Health Center in the eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Our results on the adjusted relationship of HbA1c with lipid profile through regression model have demonstrated that HDL alone had significant adjusted relation with HbA1c if other factors are kept constant. We suggest focusing on TC and HDL levels in T2D health management in future studies.
