ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the craniofacial pattern of Saudi ethnic groups and to compare it with accepted standards for the caucasian population according to Steiner analysis. METHODS: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 87 Saudi students (74 male and 13 females) with balanced harmonious faces and clinically acceptable permanent occlusion, aged 21-27 years old were used. A computer-aided cephalometric analysis was performed, and the mean values and standard deviations for the various cephalometric variables were obtained. RESULTS: A comparison of the results with the Steiner standards showed that the Saudis have relatively similar skeletal relationship and dentally there was a tendency toward bimaxillary protrusion. Further, there was a decrease in the lower facial height. CONCLUSION: It was evident that even in the Saudi ethnic groups with so-called well-balanced faces, there were some fundamental variations in the craniofacial structure of the Saudi Arab when compared with Steiner norms.
Subject(s)
Cephalometry/methods , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Dental Occlusion , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , Face/anatomy & histology , Skull/anatomy & histology , Esthetics , Face/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Male , Radiography , Reference Values , Sampling Studies , Saudi Arabia , Sex Characteristics , Skull/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the craniofacial pattern of Saudi ethnic groups and to compare it with accepted standards for the Caucasian population according to Steiner analysis. METHODS: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 87 Saudi students (74 male and 13 females) with balanced harmonious faces and clinically acceptable permanent occlusion, aged 21-27 years old were used. A computer-aided cephalometric analysis was performed, and the mean values and standard deviations for the various cephalometric variables were obtained. RESULTS: A comparison of the results with the Steiner standards showed that the Saudis have relatively similar skeletal relationship and dentally there was a tendency toward bimaxillary protrusion. Further, there was a decrease in the lower facial height. CONCLUSION: It was evident that even in the Saudi ethnic groups with so-called well-balanced faces, there were some fundamental variations in the craniofacial structure of the Saudi Arab when compared with Steiner norms.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in a group of patients seeking orthodontic treatment. One hundred and ninety one consecutive prospective orthodontic female patients, divided into three age groups of 8, 14 and 18 years, were examined for TMD signs and symptoms and orthodontic treatment need (IOTN). The percentages of signs and symptoms found were 41 and 30%, respectively. No significant association was found between IOTN and TMD signs and symptoms. The youngest age group reported significantly less headache and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) noise. Headache was significantly associated with all TMD symptoms and with tenderness to palpation. In conclusion, the results indicate that malocclusion could not be considered as a primary aetiologic factor for TMD within the age range studied.
Subject(s)
Malocclusion/complications , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Child , Facial Pain/etiology , Female , Headache/etiology , Humans , Malocclusion/classification , Malocclusion/therapy , Masticatory Muscles/physiopathology , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Saudi Arabia , Sound , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.
ABSTRACT
One hundred eighty subjects were examined to assess the effect of smoking on periodontal conditions by community periodontal index for treatment needs (CPITN). All subjects were interviewed regarding their oral hygiene habits. Data were entered to the computer and statistical analysis system (SAS) was utilised. Results showed that the frequency of smokers is 31% where 25.9% of this were male. Smokers use toothbrush in performing their oral hygiene more than non-smokers. Results also showed that periodontal conditions as measured by CPITN were not significantly different between smokers and non-smokers. However, further studies with more sensitive periodontal indices are recommended in the future to assess the differences between both groups.
Subject(s)
Periodontal Diseases/classification , Periodontal Index , Smoking , Adult , Chi-Square Distribution , Cohort Studies , Dental Calculus/classification , Female , Gingival Hemorrhage/classification , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oral Hygiene , Periodontal Pocket/classification , Saudi Arabia , Sex Factors , Statistics as Topic , Toothbrushing/instrumentationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To determine the most common position of the mental foramen in a selected Saudi population and to compare the results with those reported for other populations. METHODS: Four hundred and fourteen panoramic radiographs of a Saudi population from four different dental centres were studied. RESULTS: The commonest position of the mental foramen was in line with the longitudinal axis of the second premolar (45.3%) followed closely by location between the first and second premolars (42.7%). The mental foramen was symmetrical in 80% of patients. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should expect to find the position of the mental foramen to be symmetrical and in line with the second premolar teeth.
Subject(s)
Arabs , Chin/anatomy & histology , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Chin/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Male , Mandibular Nerve/anatomy & histology , Mandibular Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Middle Aged , Radiography, Panoramic , Saudi ArabiaABSTRACT
The relationship between cross-bite and periodontal health in the posterior segment was investigated in 44 teenage subjects. The result did show a relationship between the cross-bite and periodontal health as assessed by Plaque Index, Gingival Index and pocket depth measurements. Pocket depth in all sites with the exception in the distal site for both sexes does not reach a significant difference between the cross-bite and the control teeth. The periodontal status of the teeth in cross-bite revealed a more unfavorable periodontal condition in males compared to the females but no statistical significant difference was reached.
Subject(s)
Malocclusion/complications , Periodontal Diseases/etiology , Adolescent , Dental Plaque Index , Female , Humans , Male , Molar , Periodontal Index , Sex Factors , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
This clinical investigation examined the effect of a single subgingival irrigation of chlorhexidine 0.2% or sanguinarine on gingivitis affecting orthodontically banded first molars in adolescent patients. Eighteen patients with gingivitis participated in the study. Probing depth, papilla bleeding index and plaque index were recorded at four sites for three molars at baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks by one investigator. A second investigator irrigated a single application of 3 ml of either chlorhexidine, sanguinarine or saline. The gingival bleeding as determined by papilla bleeding index was almost eliminated in the 4 week period. A reduction of the plaque index and probing depth was observed in all three groups. A significant difference related to probing depth between the effect of saline and chlorhexidine (p<0.01) was noted.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/therapeutic use , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use , Chlorhexidine/analogs & derivatives , Gingivitis/drug therapy , Mouthwashes/therapeutic use , Orthodontic Appliances/adverse effects , Adolescent , Alkaloids/administration & dosage , Analysis of Variance , Benzophenanthridines , Child , Chlorhexidine/administration & dosage , Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use , Dental Plaque/complications , Dental Plaque/drug therapy , Dental Plaque/etiology , Dental Plaque Index , Gingival Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Gingivitis/etiology , Humans , Isoquinolines , Molar , Multivariate Analysis , Periodontal Index , Single-Blind Method , Sodium Chloride/therapeutic use , Therapeutic Irrigation/methodsABSTRACT
The effect of cross-bite on periodontal health in the anterior teeth was investigated in 40 teenage subjects. The results have shown a relationship between the cross-bite in the anterior teeth and periodontal health as assessed by Plaque Index, Gingival index and pocket depth measurements. The periodontal status of the teeth in cross-bite revealed a more unfavorable condition compared to the well-aligned teeth. This was observed in both males and females. However, pocket depth on the lingual site for both sexes does not reach a significant difference between the cross-bite and the control teeth.
