Progress Phenotypic Traits of Hatched Chicks and Growth Indicators of Broiler Chicks Fed Embryonically with Zinc Methionine.

Nutritionists focused on introducing minerals as additives to poultry feed to achieve good bioavailability and increase absorption of these additives. Therefore, the current study aimed to demonstrate the effect of injecting hatching eggs with zinc methionine on the characteristics of hatched chicks and growth index. The hatching eggs injection technique was applied to inject the hatching eggs with zinc-methionine to study the traits of hatched chicks and the growth index of broilers where 300 eggs were used from the broiler breeder, and the eggs were divided into four treatments; each treatment of 75 eggs injected with zinc-methionine and at concentrations (0, 60, 80, 100 ppm) for the treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 respectively, and the studied traits were taken when the chicks hatched. The recorded data in this study showed that there was no significant effect on inactivity, general situation, case of yolk retracted inside the abdomen, abnormal checks, wing length and leg length, and significant improvement (P≤0.05) to T4 treatment in appearance and feather condition, Eye's appearance and Leg appearance meanwhile significant improvement (P≤0.05) to T3 treatment in naval case, residual yolk membrane, residual yolk and checks length, significant improvement of all Zn-methionine injection treatments in hatch window and total incubation period, significant improvement (P≤0.05) to T2, T4 treatments in growth hormone level in hatching.

[Evidence-based interdisciplinary treatment of abdominal sepsis]. / Evidenzbasierte, interdisziplinäre Behandlung der abdominellen Sepsis.

Abdominal sepsis is the most severe form of abdominal infection. It is characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection leading to life-threatening organ failure or septic shock. The latter has a mortality of >40%. This article reviews the evidence on the strategic approach to treatment of patients with abdominal sepsis and septic shock. The focus is on the time-critical elements of diagnosis, anti-infective treatment and hemodynamic stabilization.

Human mucosal CD4+ T cells but not blood CD4+ T cells respond vigorously towards CD28 engagement.

Human lamina propria T lymphocytes (LPT) possess functional properties profoundly different from those of peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBT). While they are characterized by a low proliferative response to T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 stimulation in vitro their responsiveness to activation through the 'co-stimulatory' CD2-receptor is enhanced when compared to PBT. In this study, we demonstrate that engagement of another co-stimulatory receptor on both LPT and PBT, namely CD28, by a single monoclonal antibody (mAb), respectively, strongly activates the former but not the latter through a PI3-kinase dependent signalling pathway leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In addition to the high sensitivity of LPT to CD2 stimulation, this finding supports the notion that 'non-specific/innate' mechanisms to activate T lymphocytes play a predominant role vis-à-vis'TCR driven/adaptive' responses in the intestinal mucosa. Furthermore, it suggests that results from preclinical tests for therapeutic antibodies performed with human blood derived T cells are probably insufficient to predict reactivities of tissue-resident immune cells, which--given their quantitative predominance--may critically determine the in-vivo response to such compounds.

Patterns of belief and use of traditional remedies by diabetic patients in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

A sample of 1039 diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia was interviewed using a structured questionnaire about belief in traditional herbal remedies. The relationship of belief scores to sociodemographic and diabetes-related variables was assessed using chi-square tests. The study showed that 15.6% of the sample believed that traditional medicines were safe and effective and 25.8% that they might be beneficial. One-third of patients were using traditional remedies. A statistically significant relationship was shown between belief in traditional medicines and variables such as female sex, positive family history of diabetes, duration of diabetes and compliance with diet. However, there was no relationship with other compliance variables or with glucose and weight control. Efforts should be made to enhance diabetic education among patients on the basis of evidence-based practice.

Patterns of belief and use of traditional remedies by diabetic patients in Mecca, Saudi Arabia

A sample of 1039 diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia was interviewed using a structured questionnaire about belief in traditional herbal remedies. The relationship of belief scores to sociodemographic and diabetes-related variables was assessed using chi-square tests. The study showed that 15.6% of the sample believed that traditional medicines were safe and effective and 25.8% that they might be beneficial. One-third of patients were using traditional remedies. A statistically significant relationship was shown between belief in traditional medicines and variables such as female sex, positive family history of diabetes, duration of diabetes and compliance with diet. However, there was no relationship with other compliance variables or with glucose and weight control. Efforts should be made to enhance diabetic education among patients on the basis of evidence-based practice