ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people around the world either directly or indirectly. Deaths have been attributed to COVID-19 as the underlying cause of death or as a contributing cause of death. It is estimated that millions of excess deaths were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. The importance of a clinical autopsy on COVID-19 corpses lies in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease better. Moreover, a forensic autopsy may be performed on a COVID-19-infected corpse when indicated for medico-legal purposes. From the autopsy perspective, handling COVID-19-infected corpses requires specific guidelines and safety measures to be followed to limit the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus. This is essential as COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease caused by a newly discovered virus. This review narrates the safety measures that should be followed at different stages of handling COVID-19 corpses, starting from the death scene to burial and funeral. Ethical issues in handling COVID-19 corpses are also briefed in this review. As COVID-19 can be transmitted through infected bodies, it is crucial to wear recommended personal protective equipment, specifically for aerosol-generating procedures. There are specific safety measures to be considered before transporting the body to the mortuary, with particular requirements to be implemented there, such as specific engineering controls, staff training, and autopsy room precautions. After conducting the autopsy, disinfection of the tools and equipment, body bags, transport vehicles, and the autopsy room should be considered.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , Autopsy , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemics , Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets , CadaverABSTRACT
The electronic structures with spin-orbit effects of the zirconium nitride ZrN molecule are investigated by the methods of multireference single and double configuration interaction. The potential energy curves are calculated along with the spectroscopic constants for the lowest-lying 34 spin-orbit states Ω in ZrN. A good agreement is displayed by comparing the calculated spectroscopic constants with those available experimentally. The permanent dipole moments are calculated along with the vibrational energies. New results are obtained in this work for 29 spin-orbit states and their spectroscopic constants calculated.
ABSTRACT
Fibromatosis of the breast is a relatively benign, though locally invasive neoplasm. It is rare and difficult to diagnose. Risk of recurrence is there if it was inadequately excised. The best treatment is local wide excision with negative margins. We report a 46-year old gentleman with mammary fibromatosis. To the best of our knowledge, there are only few cases reported on male breast fibromatosis. The optimal management of it is unknown because of the rarity of the disease.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology , Fibroma/pathology , Breast Neoplasms, Male/surgery , Fibroma/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This case is presented to emphasize the importance of recognizing nipple discharge as a clinical sign of male ductal carcinoma in situ and an opportunity for early diagnosis. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: A 68-years old gentleman presented with bilateral bloody nipple discharge. Clinical examination of breasts showed no masses in either breasts and no axillary lymphadenopathy. He was investigated with bilateral mammogram, ultrasound scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the breasts. All were leading to a diagnosis of intraductal papilloma on the left retroareolar region and suspicious microcalcifications on the right retroareolar area. Retroareolar excision under general anesthesia confirmed the presence of DCIS in both specimens. Completion mastectomy was performed which showed no residual disease in either breasts. CONCLUSION: DCIS in male breast is very rare and hard to diagnose due to male breast morphology. It is best treated with mastectomy without axillary dissection.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms, Male/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnosis , Aged , Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology , Breast Neoplasms, Male/surgery , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of solitary intra-abdominal Castleman disease and highlight the importance of this entity to clinicians in the management of these patients. CASE PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: A 20 year old gentleman who presented with a recurrent intra-abdominal retroperitoneal mass. Previous biopsies obtained from a laparotomy showed Castleman disease- vascular hyaline type. Patient did not respond to chemotherapy and the mass was gradually increasing in size. Surgical intervention was the only option and the patient underwent complete resection of the retroperitoneal mass. Final histopathological examination confirmed the initial diagnosis of Castleman disease. CONCLUSION: Castleman's disease is a fairly rare benign tumor of lymphoid origin. It should be included in the list of differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses. Unicentric Castleman disease should be treated surgically when feasible and carries better prognosis compared to multicentric disease.
Subject(s)
Abdominal Neoplasms/pathology , Castleman Disease/pathology , Hyalin/metabolism , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Plasma Cells/pathology , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/pathology , Abdominal Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Castleman Disease/surgery , Humans , Lymph Nodes/surgery , Male , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether the parents in Kuwait desire to be present during the induction of anesthesia in their children and to obtain the parents' views on factors associated with such presence. METHODS: The parents of 80 children scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia were given asked to complete a questionnaire. RESULTS: An overwhelming 88.75% of parents wished to he present in the anesthetic room during induction. CONCLUSIONS: Parents in Kuwait should he allowed to be present during the induction of anesthesia in their child. Protocols should be drafted accordingly and must include other child-friendly measures to reduce anxiety among parents and children in Kuwait.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, General , Attitude to Health , Child, Hospitalized , Parents/psychology , Patients' Rooms , Visitors to Patients/psychology , Adult , Anesthesia, General/psychology , Anxiety, Separation/etiology , Anxiety, Separation/prevention & control , Anxiety, Separation/psychology , Child , Child, Hospitalized/psychology , Choice Behavior , Humans , Kuwait , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
To ascertain whether the parents in Kuwait desire to be present during the induction of anesthesia in their children and to obtain the parents' views on factors associated with such presence. The parents of 80 children scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia were given asked to complete a questionnaire. An overwhelming 88.75% of parents wished to he present in the anesthetic room during induction. Parents in Kuwait should he allowed to be present during the induction of anesthesia in their child. Protocols should be drafted accordingly and must include other child-friendly measures to reduce anxiety among parents and children in Kuwait
