Extended TIP vs. Standard TIP for primary distal hypospadias repair: randomized study for comparing functional and cosmetic outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to critically evaluate distal extension of the midline urethral plate incision, extended tubularized incised plate (e-TIP) technique, with the standard TIP and investigating predictors of functional and cosmetic success. METHODS: In a prospective study, consecutive patients with primary distal hypospadias presented for repair were randomized to undergo either extended TIP (e-TIP) or standard TIP (s-TIP) technique. Cosmetic outcome was evaluated postoperatively using Hypospadias-Objective-Penile-Evaluation (HOPE) score and measurement of ventral-glans-closure-length (VGCL) and meatal length (ML). Functional outcome was evaluated by maximal flow rate (Qmax), average flow rate (Qave), and postvoid residual urine (PVR). The effect of preoperative parameters on the outcome was assessed with regression analysis. RESULTS: In all 94 cases, out of 110 randomized, were available for analysis. Forty-six in e-TIP group and 48 cases in s-TIP group with comparable preoperative demographics. Median (inter-quartile range) of postoperative total HOPE-score was 57(45-60) vs. 55(44-60) for e-TIP and s-TIP (p < 0.001), respectively. The mean (SD) ratio of VGCL/ML was 87% (26) versus 46% (12) for e-TIP vs. s-TIP, respectively (p < 0.001). Both complications and functional outcomes were comparable. Urethral plate (UP) width and the use of e-TIP technique were significant predictors of successful cosmetic outcome in regression analysis (p = 0.019 and p = 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: Extension of midline urethral plate can potentially create a vertical slit-like meatus located at the glans tip without compromising the functional outcome, thus providing better cosmetic outcome compared with the standard technique. The UP width was a significant predictor of superior cosmetic outcome.

Chronological Changes In Uroflowmetry After Hypospadias Repair: An Observational Study.

AIM: Urinary flow after urethroplasty is of paramount importance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the progression of uroflowmetry (UF) parameters after different distal and proximal hypospadias repair techniques. METHODS: In this cohort study, cases that underwent primary hypospadias repair at our institution between March 2010 and December 2018 were included when uncomplicated, asymptomatic and toilet-trained. UF findings and post void residual were described after each specific technique. RESULTS: In all, 88 patients were eligible. Time to last UF ranged from 35 to 138 months postoperatively. Significant increase started 36 months after distal tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIP) and afterwards than Mathieu technique. While was noticed 24 and 36 months after Onlay technique and proximal TIP, respectively; however, TIP showed steady significant increase atall time intervals. Duckett repair exhibited insignificant change in maximum flow rate (Qmax) values, buccal mucosal graft (BMG) and inner preputial graft (IPG), significant increase in the Qmax values after 6 and 24 months, respectively, then remained steady high. Transposed preputial flap (TPF) showed significant increase at 6-12 months only, then remained steady lower than the other two techniques. Obstructed flow was 37% after distal TIP, 30% after Mathieu, 25% after proximal TIP, 66.7% after Duckett repair, and 33.3% after TPF. There were no obstructed cases after BMG and IPG. DISCUSSION: Improvement by time varied between techniques. After repair most cases are below the 50th percentile, implying that the reconstructed urethra is not functioning as a normal urethra. Staged repair for proximal hypospadias is preferable to a heroic one-stage procedure. CONCLUSION: Choice of the surgical technique for hypospadias repair had impact on the improvement of Qmax values. TIP improved 36 months postoperatively. However, for proximal cases staged graft repair had earlier improvement and higher Qmax values than proximal TIP and Onlay techniques.

Assessment of noninvasive predictors of bladder outlet obstruction and acute urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic enlargement.

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), detrusor wall thickness (DWT), prostate volume (PV) and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels for detecting bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and predicting acute urinary retention (AUR) secondary to benign prostatic obstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 135 men who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement were enrolled in the study; among them, 50 presented with AUR. Thirty normal men in the same age group were included and represented a control group for normative data. Their evaluation included a digital rectal examination, International Prostate Symptom Score and quality-of-life question, uroflowmetry and serum total PSA assay. Transabdominal ultrasonography was used to measure the PV, IPP DWT and post-void residual urine volume. Pressure-flow urodynamic studies were used as the reference standard test for BOO, differentiating obstructed from unobstructed bladders. DWT, IPP, PV and total PSA level served as index tests. To compare the usefulness of the various indices, the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver-operator characteristic curves was calculated for each index. RESULTS: According to presentation and urodynamic studies, patients were classified into three groups: Group 1 (no BOO), 50 patients with a BOO index (BOOI) of <40; group 2 (BOO), 35 with a BOOI of >40; and group 3 (AUR), 50 who presented with AUR. The IPP, DWT, PV and PSA levels differed significantly between obstructed and unobstructed patients, with a significant correlation with the BOOI. The AUC for IPP, DWT, PSA and PV were 0.885, 0.783, 0.745 and 0.678, respectively. The IPP threshold at 8 mm provided the best diagnostic accuracy (80%) for detecting BOO, followed by combined DWT and IPP (77.6%). Between patients with and without AUR, there was a highly significant difference in IPP, DWT and PSA; a combined IPP threshold of >8 mm and DWT >2 mm detected AUR in 45 of 50 patients (90%). CONCLUSION: All four noninvasive indices were correlated significantly with BOOI. The IPP as a single variable and combined with DWT predicted BOO and AUR better than PSA or PV.