The Effects of Physical Activity on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Working Mothers Living in Amman: A Correlational Study.

Background: Jordan has a high prevalence of physical inactivity, a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Working mothers are a high-risk group who face significant barriers to physical activity and experience a decline in their quality of life. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the potential impact of physical activity adherence on health-related quality of life and physical fitness among a sample of working mothers. Patients and Methods: A Correlational, retrospective analytical design, was employed among a sample of working mothers (n=120), from Amman and was divided into two comparison groups. Data collection included a self-reported questionnaire using a demographic questionnaire, a health perception scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form, the International Fitness Scale, and the Quality of Life Brief questionnaire. The statistical analysis was independent t-test analysis, analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA), Pearson r correlation and regression used to estimate the prediction of dependent variables based on independent variables. Results: The results found a significant positive relationship between physical activity and overall quality of life and its domains (physical, psychological, and environmental); however, there was no statistically significant difference in the social domain. Adherence to physical activity was a significant positive predictor of quality of life. Moreover, the health perception level was a significant positive predictor. A t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the physically active group and a sedentary group of working mothers regarding changes in Health-Related Quality of Life; physically active mothers are more likely to have better physical (p < 0.024), psychological (p < 0.001), and overall quality of life (p < 0.011). Furthermore, Physical fitness significantly predicted physical activity in the study results. Conclusion: This study confirms the existence of positive correlations between physical activity and working women's quality of life and physical fitness. Mothers with higher levels of physical activity are more likely to have better physical, psychological, and environmental domains of quality of life and better physical fitness.

Indicators of Healthcare Services Utilization among the Syrian Refugee Population in Jordan: An Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: Sufficient healthcare services utilization among the Syrian refugee population is one of the most important human rights. Vulnerable populations, such as refugees, are often deprived of sufficient access to healthcare services. Even when healthcare services are accessible, refugees vary in their level of utilization of these services and their health-seeking behavior. PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the status and indicators of healthcare service access and utilization among adult Syrian refugees with non-communicable diseases residing in two refugee camps. METHODS: The cross-sectional descriptive design was conducted by enrolling 455 adult Syrian refugees residing in the Al-Za'atari and Azraq camps in northern Jordan, using demographical data, perceived health, and the "Access to healthcare services" module, which is a part of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). A logistic regression model with binary outcomes was used to explore the accuracy of the variables influencing the utilization of healthcare services. The individual indicators were examined further out of 14 variables, according to the Anderson model. Specifically, the model consisted of healthcare indicators and demographic variables to find out if they have any effect on healthcare services utilization. RESULTS: Descriptive data showed that the mean age of the study participants (n = 455) was 49.45 years (SD = 10.48), and 60.2% (n = 274) were females. In addition, 63.7% (n = 290), of them were married; 50.5% (n = 230) held elementary school-level degrees; and the majority 83.3% (n = 379) were unemployed. As expected, the vast majority have no health insurance. The mean overall food security score was 13 out of 24 (±3.5). Difficulty in accessing healthcare services among Syrian refugees in Jordan's camps was significantly predicted by gender. "Transportation problems, other than fee problems" (mean 4.25, SD = 1.11) and "Unable to afford transportation fees" (mean 4.27, SD = 1.12) were identified as the most important barriers to accessing healthcare services. CONCLUSION: Healthcare services must imply all possible measures to make them more affordable to refugees, particularly older, unemployed refugees with large families. High-quality fresh food and clean drinking water are needed to improve health outcomes in camps.

Emergency Room Nurses' Attitudes toward Family Presence during Resuscitation: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Although there are guidelines that encourage the family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, literature that reported on the healthcare team's attitudes suggested that this practice is often discouraged, and it remains a debatable topic. AIM: To assess the Emergency Room Nurses' Attitudes toward family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures. RESEARCH DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive correlation research design was used for this study. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: A non-probability convenience sample for this study comprised 222 registered nurses who have worked in emergency departments. The study used Family Presence During Resuscitation scale to collect the data related to nurses' attitude toward family presence during CPR. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: This study was approved by the ethics committee at Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan. RESULTS: Jordanian nurses had a positive attitude toward the health beliefs with a mean score of (3.71 ± 0.81), followed by cues and triggers (3.60 ± 0.82). The least attitude endorsed by nurses was perceived self-efficacy with a mean score of (2.87 ± 0.80). Point-biserial correlation yielded a positive correlation between marital status and cues or triggers (r = 0.055; p = 0.043). Moreover, person correlation showed a positive relationship between age and health beliefs (r = 00.134; p = 0.040) and a negative correlation between experience and self-efficacy (r=-0.141; p = 0.043). CONCLUSION: Enhancing nurses' confidence based on evidence-based practice would prepare nurses to handle family presence during resuscitation.

Healthcare providers' intention to leave their jobs during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

Background and Aims: During the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), healthcare providers confronted risks of disease transmission to themselves and their family members, resulting in physical and psychological burdens. This might affect their decisions to leave their jobs temporarily or permanently, fearing infection and protecting their families. This study examined the factors related to the intention to leave a job among healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was used to collect data using a convenience sample of 557 healthcare providers working in different sectors across Jordan. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire about the intention to leave jobs during the pandemic. Results: The sample included 368 females (63.8%) and 209 males (36.6%) participants. The mean age of participants was 30.8 years (SD = 6.65). Differences found in intention to leave job during COVID-19 in relation to age (t = 2.60, p < 0.05), gender (X 2 = 4.25, p < 0.001), and marital status (X 2 = 18.2, p < 0.001). Participants with a high risk of exposure to COVID-19 and who experienced higher workloads had higher scores of intention to leave their job during COVID-19, while being married had lower scores. Conclusions: Policy-makers need to pay attention to young and single healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent them leave their job. Crucial guidelines for managing workload during the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. Policy-makers during pandemics have to protect healthcare providers who feel they are at high risk of infection.

The Willingness of the Healthcare Professionals Working in Healthcare Institutions to Accept the First Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine in Jordan: A National Survey.

Health workers play an important part as role models, advocates for vaccination, vaccinators and educators in a community. Furthermore, they are at high risk of being infected with COVID-19 as they are on the frontlines. Thus, this study purposed to determine the willingness of the healthcare professionals working in healthcare institutions to accept the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine in Jordan. A cross-sectional design and a convenience-sampling method were used to recruit the study population from different healthcare sectors. A web-based survey was used to collect data. Findings showed that 1594 healthcare professionals responded and 74% of them were aged less than 45 years. Almost 65% of the respondents were registered nurses and 68.4% of them were married. A total of 94.9% of the participants heard about the COVID-19 vaccine, but only 56.5% of them had had the opportunity to attend lectures/discussions about COVID-19 vaccine. Official government websites were the primary source of obtaining information about COVID-19 (36.3%). The willingness of acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine was 63%. There were positive correlations between vaccine acceptance and compliance toward COVID-19 infection control precautions (r = 0.119, p < 0.01), knowledge about COVID-19 (r = 0.256, p < 0.01), age (r = 0.170, p < 0.01), and years of experience (r = 0.105, p < 0.01). Furthermore, age, knowledge, and compliance were significant predictors of the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Thus, it is necessary to develop specific interventions for healthcare professionals with low acceptance rates and take into consideration the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Further research is needed to explore the factors influencing the refusal of the COVID-19 vaccine by healthcare professionals.

Knowledge and compliance to prevention of central line-associated blood stream infections among registered nurses in Jordan.

Background: Central line-associated bloods tream infections (CLABSIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Aims: To assess the rates of CLABSIs and to investigate predictors of knowledge and compliance of registered nurses to central venous catheters (CVCs) maintenance care bundle in intensive care units (ICUs). Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was used. A convenient sample of 114 registered nurses was selected from three hospitals in Jordan. Nurses' knowledge and compliance were measured by previously established measures and an observational checklist developed according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Findings: The rate of CLABSI was the lowest in the hospital that applies the CVC bundle of care. Nurses' knowledge about CLABSI prevention practices was significantly correlated with their compliance to CVCs maintenance care bundle. Nurses' knowledge differed bytheirage, income, experience in ICU, and nurse-to-patient ratio, and in multiple regressions, age was the single predictor of knowledge of CLABSI prevention. Significant differences were also found in nurses' compliance to the CVC care bundle according to the hospital and nurse-to-patient ratio. The nurse-to-patient ratio was the single significant predictor, and it attenuated the effect of age and income on nurse's compliance to the CVC care bundle. Conclusion: This study indicated the need to expand the application of the CVC maintenance care bundle in hospitals. Programs that target promoting nurses' knowledge about CLABSI prevention and compliance to CVC care need to consider some factors, such as nurses' age and the circumstances of their work (nurse-to-patient ratio).

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Toward COVID-19 Among Jordanian Residents During the Quarantine Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey.

OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable disease transmitted via respiratory droplet from 1 person to another caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of Jordanian people toward COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the paper explores the lack of perception and adherence to preventive measures toward COVID-19. METHODS: A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive online survey was used to explore study variables. A convenience sample of individual who are of Jordanian nationality, were aged 18 years or older, understood the content of the questionnaire, and agreed to participate voluntarily was surveyed. RESULTS: The average correct score of COVID-19 knowledge was 84.44% (12.66/15). In addition, knowledge scores significantly differed across demographic characteristics of participants. Moreover, 93.8% (1009) of the study sample had confidence that Jordan can win the battle against the COVID-19 virus. However, study participants acknowledged that they did not visit crowded places in recent days (91.6%), while 71.3% (767) wore masks when leaving home. CONCLUSIONS: The current study added a new knowledge that generally the Jordanian people during the quarantine period have a high knowledge and optimistic attitudes and practices toward COVID-19.

Nurses' Self-Efficacy, Confidence and Interaction With Patients With COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate nurses' self-efficacy, confidence, and nurse-patient interaction during caring of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: A cross-sectional design with online survey was used with a Self-efficacy scale, Self-confidence scale, and Caring nurse-patient interaction scale: 23-item Version-Nurse (CNPI-23 N). RESULTS: A sample of 120 nurses participated in the current study. The results showed that the participants had a moderate level of self-efficacy, self-confidence and interaction (M = 28.84 (SD = 7.7), M = 47.41 (SD = 9.0), and M = 93.59 (SD = 16.3), respectively). Positive relationships were found between nurse' self-efficacy, self-confidence, and nurse-patient interaction (r = 0.81; P < 0.0001 and 0.79; P < 0.0001, respectively). Significant differences were found in self-efficacy according to years of experience, academic qualifications and position (F = 2.10; P = 0.003; F = 3.60; P = 0.002, and F = 2.60; P =0.007, respectively). Furthermore, the results indicated that there was a significant difference in self-confidence and nurse-patient interaction also. CONCLUSION: Nurse educators and administrators should develop and implement further strategies, such as continuing education and training, compensatory payment, organizational support, and availability of protective measures to increase their self-efficacy, self-confidence, and interaction with COVID-19 patients.

The impact of obesity on self-esteem and academic achievement among university students.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that obesity was correlated with many negative social and health outcomes including poor academic achievement and low self-esteem. PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of obesity and to identify the impact of obesity on self-esteem and academic performance among university students. METHOD: The study used a correlational design to achieve the study objectives. It was conducted at the University of Jordan (UJ). The study population was all university students in at UJ. A convenience sampling technique was conducted to select 419 students. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to collect data from the sample. The body of the questionnaire was divided into two sections: a demographic data section, and the second section aimed to measure the students' self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES). RESULTS: The response rate in this study was 91.1%. The results showed that 33 students were obese (7.88%), 116 students were overweight (27.68%), 266 students were normal weight (63.48%), and four students were underweight (0.95%). The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between obesity and self-esteem (total item) (r = -0.231, 0.000*). The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between obesity and academic achievement (r = -0.131, 0.002). CONCLUSION: There was a significant impact of obesity on the self-esteem and academic performance among university students.

An explorative study of workplace violence against nurses who care for older people.

Aim: To explore the prevalence of workplace violence among nurses who care for older people and its association with working stress, job satisfaction and quality of care in Jordan. Design: A cross-sectional design was used. Methods: A cluster random sampling was used to select three public hospitals, three private hospitals and 17 healthcare centres in Amman, Jordan. The researcher used a convenience sampling method to select 485 nurses. Data were collected between 2015-2016. Results: Almost 60% of the participants have been victims of violence at the workplace during the past year. Nurses who consider violence a problem at work have high levels of working stress (p < .01) as well as lower levels of quality of care (p < .01) and job satisfaction (p < .001).

Predictors of nurses' stress working with older people admitted to acute care setting.

AIM: To identify the predictors of nurses' work stressors who care for older people (i.e., over age 65 years) in Jordan. BACKGROUND: Nurses sometimes experience stress which could occur as results of caring for older people, for example, with multiple physical and psychological needs. This stress could affect the job satisfaction and reduce the quality of care provided to older people. Thus, identifying sources of stress and predictors that cause stress for nurses is required to enhance quality of care for older people. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design. METHODS: Cluster random sampling was used to select study settings (i.e., 3 public hospitals, 3 private hospitals and 17 healthcare centres) in Amman, Jordan. A convenience sampling method was used to select 485 nurses. The Quality-Work-Competence questionnaire and Nurses' Working Life Questionnaire were used. Multiple linear regressions were used to identify predictors of job stress for nurses providing care for older people. The data were collected between June 2016 and January 2017. RESULTS: Job satisfaction, competence, development skills, gender, organisational climate and employee development, all have demonstrated significant correlations with stress. The regression analysis showed that the model significantly predicted a sizable portion of variance (R2  = 0.27, p < 0.001) in the physical and psychological stress among nurses working in the older people care settings. CONCLUSION: The nursing profession and the employing agencies should support nurses who care for older people in practice by conducting special training programmes to cope with stress. Interventional studies should be conducted to confirm the association between the nurses' work stress who care for older people and job satisfaction, competence, development skills, gender, organisational climate and employee development. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: It is recommended that rotating appropriate competent nurses who care for older people, in particular dementia patients who are usually very ill may have greater needs due to their cognitive status, through other wards would temporarily reduce the nurses' stress. The nursing profession and the employing agencies should support nurses who care for older people in practice by conducting special training programmes focusing on the teaching skills and knowledge of how to deal with stress.

The influence of leadership behavior, organizational commitment, organizational support, subjective career success on organizational readiness for change in healthcare organizations.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of leadership behavior, organizational commitment, organizational support and subjective career success on organizational readiness for change in the healthcare organizations. The authors want to determine if nurses who had higher levels of organizational commitment, organizational support and subjective career success relationships were more open and prepared for change. Design/methodology/approach Cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational survey design was conducted using self-reported questionnaires to collect data from registered nurses. Findings The subjective career success was the strongest predictors ( ß = 0.36, p < 0.001) followed by leadership behavior ( ß = -0.19, p = 0.03) and participants' age ( ß = -0.13, p = 0.049). Research limitations/implications This study highlights the influence of leadership behavior, organizational commitment, organizational support and subjective career success on the organizational readiness for change in healthcare organizations. Therefore, this study forms baseline data for future local and national studies. Moreover, it will strengthen the research findings if future research includes a qualitative approach that explores other healthcare professionals regarding readiness for organizational change. Practical implications This study provides information to policymakers and healthcare leaders who seek to improve management and leadership skills and respond to organizational change efforts. Social implications It is important to know the extent to which healthcare professionals, especially nurses, understand how the influence of organizational support and organizational commitment on organizational readiness for change, as well as why specific leadership behavior and subjective career success, is important in implementing the change. Originality/value This study examined the nurses' readiness for change in hospitals. Organizational readiness for change could occur in situations where nurses can exert extra efforts at work because of leaders' behaviors and the relationship between nurses and the institution.

The effects of leadership competencies and quality of work on the perceived readiness for organizational change among nurse managers.

Purpose This paper aims to set a leadership guidance program that can promote nurses' knowledge of leadership and, at the same time, to enhance their leadership competencies and quality of work to promote their readiness for change in healthcare organizations. Design/methodology/approach A pre-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design was utilized. Out of 90 invited to participate in this study, 61 nurses were accepted to participate. Findings The statistical analyses suggested several significant differences between pre- and in-service nurse managers about leadership competencies, quality of work and readiness for change. Yet, findings from the background characteristics were not found to be significant and had no effects on the perceived readiness for change. Research limitations/implications The present study highlights the importance of leadership competencies and quality of work that healthcare policymakers identify for the success of organizational change efforts. Practical implications Healthcare policymakers, including directors of nursing, should focus on applications that increase leadership competencies and overall satisfaction of the nurse managers to support the changes in hospitals and supporting learning organization. Hence, they should establish policies that decrease the possible negative impact of planned change efforts. Originality/value Competent nurse managers enhance their readiness for change, which in turn helps nurses in constructive change processes. A leadership guidance program should be set for nurse managers. This study has important implications for hospital administrators and directors of nursing.

Mental Health Nurses Attitudes and Practice Toward Physical Health Care in Jordan.

Patients with mental illnesses are at high risk for physical disorders and death. The aim of this study is to describe mental health nurses' attitudes and practice toward physical health care for patients with mental illnesses. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data using self- reported questionnaire from 202 mental health nurses working in mental health settings in Jordan. The study adopted translated version of Robson and Haddad Physical Health Attitudes Scale to the Arabic language. There was significant positive correlation between the participants' positive attitudes and their current practice (r = .388, p = .000), mental health nurses who have more positive attitudes regarding physical health care involved physical health care more in their current practice. Mental health nurses' attitudes affect the quality of care provided to patients with mental illnesses. The results provide implications for practice, education, and research.

Nurses' caring and empathy in Jordanian psychiatric hospitals: A national survey.

Nurses working in psychiatric hospitals need to acquire the skills of therapeutic communication and empathy, and have higher levels of caring. The present study aims to investigate the level of caring and empathy among nurses working in psychiatric hospitals. A cross-sectional survey was utilized to collect data from 205 nurses recruited from three psychiatric hospitals in Jordan. The Background Information Questionnaire, Modified Caring Dimensions Inventory, and Toronto Empathy Questionnaire were administered to the recruited participants. The findings revealed that the sampled nurses had a high level of caring and empathy. Significant correlations were found between caring and having a specialized training in mental health nursing, and having organizational and managerial support. However, no significant correlations were found between empathy and participants' characteristics. Specialized training in mental health nursing, having organizational and managerial support, and empathy were found predictors for caring.

Jordanian Critical Care Nurses' Practices Regarding Enteral Nutrition.

In Jordan, there is a gap in literature regarding nurses' practices of enteral nutrition. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess nurses' practices regarding enteral nutrition of critically ill adult patients. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to collect data through self-reported questionnaires and descriptive analyses were used to display the results of the study. The results revealed that some aspects of enteral nutrition practices were consistent with the current best evidences such as initiation time of enteral nutrition and backrest elevation. On the contrary, some aspects showed variations and inconsistency with current best evidences such as the amount of high gastric residual volume and its management. Nurses' practices regarding enteral nutrition were not consistent with international guidelines. This inconsistency can predispose patients to underfeeding. Enhancement of research utilization is highly recommended as well as establishing evidence-based guidelines.

The perception of hospital safety culture and selected outcomes among nurses: An exploratory study.

The objectives of this study were to examine nurses' perceptions of the hospital safety culture in Jordan and to identify the relationships between aspects of hospital safety culture and selected safety outcomes. Data from 242 registered nurses in five Jordanian hospitals were analyzed. Aspects of hospital safety culture and outcomes were measured using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Among various aspects of hospital safety culture, teamwork within units had the highest average percentage of positive responses (49.8%). Additionally, participants reported deficits in other aspects of safety culture, particularly in staffing and nonpunitive response to errors, with average percentages of positive responses of 30.4% and 30.7%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that 9 of 10 subscales of hospital safety culture were significantly correlated to one or more of the hospital safety outcomes. The findings of this study can help policymakers and healthcare administrators identify the weaknesses and strengths of hospital safety issues in order to propose effective strategies to improve patient safety and quality of care.

Violence against nurses in emergency departments in jordan: nurses' perspective.

Violence against nurses in emergency departments (EDs) has become a widespread phenomenon affecting nurses' job satisfaction and work performance. Literature is scarce regarding prevalence rates and causes of violence directed toward nurses in Jordan. The present study investigated violence experienced by Jordanian nurses in EDs and causes of violence from their perspectives. This descriptive study collected data from 174 Jordanian ED nurses. The majority of the participants (91.4%) reported experiencing violence (verbal 95.3% vs. physical 23.3%). According to participants, the most common causes of violence in the ED were crowding and workload (75.9%), and the least was care of patients with dementia or Alzheimer's disease (35.6%). Violence is common in Jordanian EDs, giving rise to many heath and behavioral consequences. Health care administrators are obligated to protect nurses from violent incidents by providing adequate safety measures, beneficial administrative procedures, and sincere efforts to overcome the causes of this phenomenon.

Predictors of ICU patients' pain management satisfaction: A descriptive cross-sectional survey.

PURPOSE: (1) To assess Jordanian ICU patients' pain characteristics (intensity and interference) and levels of pain management satisfaction; and (2) to determine potential predictors of pain management satisfaction among ICU patients. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was utilised using the American Pain Society-Patient Outcome Questionnaire to survey 139 Jordanian ICU patients from different health care sectors in Jordan. RESULTS: High levels of pain and pain interferences were reported by participants, which were higher than those reported by previous studies in other countries. However, participants were relatively satisfied with pain management approaches. Also, the results showed a predictive model of three potential predictors, which accounted for 36% of the variance in participants' satisfaction with pain management (adjusted R(2)=0.36, F=12.14, df=7129, p<0.005). The strongest predictor to participants' satisfaction with pain management was time needed to get analgesia (beta=-0.480, p<0.001), followed by average pain interference (beta=0.218, p=0.02), and being told about importance of reporting pain (beta=0.198, p=0.006). CONCLUSION: Jordanian ICU patients reported high pain levels, which supports the need for applying a caring attitude in managing patients' pain reports. Also, such a study is among the first pain management studies in Jordan aiming at setting the stage for future research studies. Finally, results can be included in planning pain management strategies and protocols within hospitals.