Clonorchis sinensis a new report in Egyptian employees returning back from Saudi Arabia.

Clonorchis sinensis, or Chinese liver fluke, is a parasite of the fish-eating mammals endemic in the East Asia, Far East, particularly in China, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Korea and among immigrant refugees to European Union and Eastern Mediterranean Countries. This paper reported infection among Egyptian family who practice consumption of imported fishes from the Far East. Diagnosed was based on detection of its characteristic eggs, positive specific ELISA, radiological and family behavior and feeding habit history. Patients were successfully treated.

Human infection with Bertiella studeri (Cestode: Anoplocephalidae) in an Egyptian worker returning back from Saudi Arabia.

Perhaps this is the first case of bertiellosis studeri record in Egyptian worker returning back from Saudi Arabia. The patient was resistant to Niclosamide but successfully treated with Commiphora molmol extract.

Anti-coccidial effect of Commiphora molmol in the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus L.).

This study investigated the effect of oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora monlmol Engler (Family: Burceraceae) known as Myrrh and the commercial extract known as Mirazid as a treatment against hepatic coccidiosis induced by the parasite Eimeria stiedae in domestic rabbits. Rabbits were infected with 1000 parasite sporulated oocysts and subjected to two treatment regimens, using crude myrrh suspension and the oleo-resin extract, mirazid, each administered at 500 mg/kg rabbit body weight. Treatments of infected rabbits resulted in significant reduction of the mean oocyst numbers in rabbit faeces by 52.38% in the crude-treated rabbits and by 90.90% mirazid-treated rabbits, compared to the untreated infected rabbits at day 21 post-infection (pi). At day 28 pi no oocysts parasite were observed in the faeces of rabbits. Both treatments resulted in significant recovery of infected rabbits from all symptoms of infection compared to the untreated infected group and healthy control groups. Histopathological examination of liver showed remarkable improvement in all histopathological parameters in G5 and G8 compared with the infected untreated G2. These included an almost complete healing of the hemorrhagic tissue and partial healing of the endothelial lining and hepatocytes encircling the central vein, the hepatocytes laminate regained their original radial shape and disappearance of fat vacuoles from the tissue and remarkable reduction in lymphocytes infiltration, decreased hyperplasia of the epithelial cells with significant decreasing of the parasite stage numbers. Results also indicate that mirazid was more effective than crude myrrh, probably due to higher content of purified active ingredients.

Strongyloidiasis stercoralis: is it a health problem in Saudi Arabia?

S. stercoralis which does not need intermediate host, undergo free cycle in the soil, was reported. So, human strongyloidiasis as an introduced or a misdiagnosed problem was discussed.

Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) in treatment of human and sheep dicrocoeliasis dendriticum in Saudi Arabia.

Dicrocoeliasis dendriticum is now imposing itself as an animal and zoonotic helminthic disease in many Arabian countries. Myrrh extract of Commiphora molmol (Mirazid) successfully and safely treated clinically and parasitologically proven 18 human dicrocoeliasis dendriticum patients. The dose was 2 capsules (300 mg each) given on an empty stomach an hour before the breakfast for six successive days. Cure (100%) was achieved clinically and by stool analysis for two months follow up. Besides, fifteen sheep naturally infected with Dicrocoelium dendriticum as proven parasitologically were successfully and safely treated with 2 capsules (300 mg each) on an empty stomach an hour before breakfast for four successive days. Cure (100%) was successfully achieved by stool analysis for seven days and macroscopically for detection of any adult worm after being slaughtered. The total dose required to treat infected sheep (2400 mg) was less than that required for human treatment (3600 mg).

Human infection with Dicrocoelium dendriticum in Riyadh district (Saudi Arabia).

Dicrocoelium dendriticum (the lancet fluke) is less common liver parasite. Adults inhibit bile duct, while characteristic eggs pass in stools. During one academic year, a total of 1196 patients referred to Parasitology Laboratory from King Abdel Aziz University Hospitals, 121 patients were positive for D. dendriticum. The majority was Saudis, and only 32 of the 121 patients (26.4%) had true dicrocoeliosis, as detected by re-examination after three days of liver free diet. The other patients have false Dicrocoeliasis. The infection was influenced by the patients' behaviours. The Saudis consume more sheep meat during month (Du-Elheja) of Haj and Feast. Examination of the slaughtered sheep at the governmental slaughterhouses showed the majority of them have the liver infected (9-24%) with the lancet liver fluke. It is concluded that rate of infection proportionates with the rate of sheep infection and the consumption of infected livers. For proper estimation of human infection should be on diet free liver before examination.

Digenetic trematode of some aquatic birds from eastern province in Saudi Arabia.

122 aquatic birds, 35 red shank (Tringa totanus), 24 common snip (Gallinago gallinago), 48 moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), 15 Teal (Anas crecca) trapped near the cost of Al- Qateef area in the eastern province, Saudi Arabia, were examined for helminth parasites. 35 birds (28.68%) were infected with one or more helminth parasites, 31 T. totanus (88.57%), 2 G. gallinago (8.33%), 2 A. crecca (13.33%) and none in C. chloropus. The isolated helminthes belong to six families and eight species. Bilharziellia polonica (22.86), Acanthoparyphum phoeincopteri (11.43), (8.33), (6.66) in different birds respectively, Himasthla rhigedana (14.3), Psilochasmus aglyptorchis (6.66), Knipowitschiatrema nico/ai (2.8), Spelophalls sp. (2.8) Diacetabulurn curviclon (42.9), Cyclocoelurn microstomum (5.7).