ABSTRACT
Background: Osteoporosis, demonstrated as an associated disease with more than 30 gene disorders, is a polygenic disorder, and it's also implicated in bone mineral density (BMD) regulations. Lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels significantly increased and vice versa the antioxidant enzymes decreased such as Glutathione S-Reductase GSR was found in female postmenopausal females. Objective: This research was done in order to find out the effect of rs2978663 genotypes on the progression of osteoporosis. Methods: First, blood samples were used to extract DNA for analysis. Molecular examination was achieved using PCR, RFLP, and UV imaging after electrophoresis in an agarose gel, and these results were analyzed by SPSS (version 23). Results: The genotypes differed in healthy people, and the proportions varied, as they were: the highest percentage was represented by the GA genotype (78%), followed by the AA genotype (16%), and the GG genotype (6%). For case samples, the highest percentage was represented by the GA genotype (51%), followed by the AA genotype (30%), and the GG genotype (19%). There are significant associations between GA genotype and restriction of fragility disease. The risk of having osteoporosis was significantly lower in those with the GA genotype (OR = 0.1946; 95% CI = 0.04-0.95; P = 0.03). The A allele frequency of the GSR gene (rs2978663) did not change significantly between study groups (OR: 0.9965, 95% CI: 0.5547-1.7816, P value: 0.9905). Conclusion: Overall, it is safe to say that GSR-int3 (rs-2678663) was shown to have no association with osteoporosis in this research of Iraqi women. Inherent variation in the GSR gene (rs-2678663) is associated with decreased osteoporosis risk.
ABSTRACT
Background: Infertility is a serious health issue that affects people all around the world. One of the most common reasons for male infertility is sperm abnormalities. Researchers and scientists have been searching for a novel genetic marker to detect or recognize the genetic malfunction that causes sperm abnormalities. Micro-RNA (miRNAs) are small non-coded RNA molecules that present intra and extra-cellular and regulate gene expression. Objective: This studies began to search for a relation between miRNA expression levels and other diseases that may be related to them, considering that the main role of miRNAs was the down-regulation of genes. Methods: The main technique used in this study was to synthesize a complementary DNA (cDNA) (revers transcription method) of extracted total RNA by TRIzol then amplification of candidates' miRNAs genes by Reverse Transcriptase Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction RT-qPCR. Results: Studies found that miRNAs have a role in defining sperm qualities such as sperm count, motility, and shape. In this study, we chose the most miRNAs referred to in the previous study as a potential seminal fluid marker (miR-10a, miR-10b, miR-135a and miR-135b) to test them as potential infertility-related miRNAs markers (Asthenospermia AS, Oligospermia OS, Astheno-Oligospermia ASOS) in addition to health normal sperm NS. Conclusion: the main aim of this study was to find the miRNAs expression pattern to find a way to help scientists track the genetic causes of male infertility issues and a novel method to distinguish infertility genetically diseases. Conclusion: The findings may serve as a potential genetic marker for male infertility and provide a background for future research that targeted miRNAs as a molecular marker for medical and forensic fields, also as an infertility disease potential treatment.
