Data of simulation model for photovoltaic system's maximum power point tracking using sequential Monte Carlo algorithm.

This article outlines the input data and partial shading conditions employed in the replication model of Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC)-based tracking techniques for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The model aims to compare the performance of classical perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, flower pollination algorithm (FPA), and SMC-based tracking techniques. The mathematical design and methodology of the complete PV system were detailed in our prior research, titled "Dynamic and Adaptive Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Sequential Monte Carlo Algorithm for Photovoltaic System" by Odat et al. (2023) [1]. The provided data facilitate precise replication of the output, saving significant simulation time. Additionally, these data can be readily applied to compare algorithmic results referenced by (Babu, T.S. et al., 2015; PrasanthRam, J. et al., 2017) [2,3], and contribute to the development of new processes for practical applications.

An overview on trace CO2 removal by advanced physisorbent materials.

This review paper focuses on various gas processing technologies and materials that efficiently capture trace levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). Fundamental separation mechanisms such as absorption, adsorption, and distillation technology are presented. Liquid amine-based carbon capture (C-capture) technologies have been in existence for over half a century, however, liquid amine capture relies upon chemical reactions and is energy-intensive. Liquid amines are thus not economically viable for broad deployment and offer little room for innovation. Innovative C-capture technologies must improve both the environmental footprint and cost-effectiveness. As a promising alternative, physisorbents have many advantages including considerably lower regeneration energy. Generally, existing classes of physisorbent materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and zeolites are selective toward C-capture. However, their selectivity is currently not high enough to remove trace levels (e.g., ~1%) of CO2 from various natural gas process streams. This review summarizes the current advancements in physisorbent materials for CO2 capture. Here, key performance parameters needed to select the most suitable candidate are highlighted. Furthermore, this review discusses the scope for the development of better performing CO2 selective physisorbents from both environmental and economic perspectives. In addition, hybrid ultra microporous materials (HUMs), characterized mainly by ultra-micro pores (<0.7 nm), are discussed in reference to C-capture. Various characteristics of HUMs result in high selectivity and applicability in difficult separations such as the gas sweetening and C-capture from complex humid mixed gas streams.

Influence of draw solution type and properties on the performance of forward osmosis process: Energy consumption and sustainable water reuse.

Single and multi-component fertilizers were used as a draw solution (DS) in forward osmosis (FO) to produce high-quality water from synthetic and seawater solution, eliminating the need for DS regeneration and reducing the operational energy. The effect of DS type, concentration, circulation flow rates on the FO water flux (WF), specific water flux (SWF), percentage water recovery (%Wrecovery), reverse salt flux (RSF) and percentage salt rejection (%R) were studied. The results showed that single fertilizer draw solution (SFDSs) produced higher WF (4.43 L/m2.h), %Wrecovery (30%) and RSF (60%) in comparison with multi-component draw solution (MCDS) with WF, %Wrecovery and RSF of 2.57 L/m2.h, 17% and 46%, respectively. DS with higher concentration produced the highest SWF and %Wrecovery and consumed less energy. MCDS with concentration of 200 g/L showed SWF in the range of 14.0 to 10.4 L/m2h and energy consumption of 0.312 kW/h m3 in comparison with 10 to 7.8 L/m2h and 0.23 kW/h m3 for MCDS with concentration of 100  g/L. Increasing the recirculation flow rate showed minimum effect on WF and up to 35% energy saving. Pure water extracted using liquid fertilizers utilizing the unique FO mass transport properties balanced nutrient requirement and the water quality parameters, thereby sustaining the aquaponics industry.

Treatment and kinetic study of cyanobacterial toxin by ozone.

A rapid scan-stopped flow (RS-SF) reactor was used to study reaction between ozone and cyanobacterial toxins [microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and microcystin-RR (MC-RR)] at different pH values and over a temperature range of 20-30 degrees C. The ozonation reaction was very effective for elimination of microcystin; solutions of concentration up to 5 mg/L MC-LR were totally oxidized by an ozone dosage of 2 mg/L. Reactions were dependent on ozone dose, temperatures, and pH. A more effective reaction took place at a higher ozone dose, higher temperatures, and more acidic pH. Spectrophotometer analysis was used to study the ozonation kinetics. Reactions were very fast: with an initial ozone concentration of 2 mg/L the half-life time of the toxins was less than 20 s. Ozonation reaction was successfully modeled to an overall second-order kinetics and with first-order kinetics for both ozone and toxins. Overall rate constants (K) were found to be 6.79 x 10(4) M(-1)s(-1) for MC-LR and 2.45 x 10(5) M(-1)s(-1) for MC-RR at 20 degrees C, with a pH of 2. The main degradation intermediates and the toxicity of the treated solution were also evaluated. The identified by-products were related to ozone dose. The high available ozone concentration degraded the toxins into smaller by-products and led to a ring opening. On the other hand, at a low ozone dose larger intermediates were detected. The treated solution toxicity was also found to be related to the ozone available in the aqueous solution; a high ozone dose led to cleavage of the Adda side chain from the toxin and reduced the toxicity.

Solar/UV-induced photocatalytic degradation of volatile toluene.

The degradations of gaseous toluene (2-20 ppmv) by solar irradiation (solar), solar irradiation and ozone (solar + O3), solar photocatalytic reaction (solar + TiO2) and solar photocatalytic reaction in the presence of ozone (solar + O3 + TiO2) were studied in a pilot plant. The effects of the inlet concentration of toluene, flow rate and relative humidity on the decomposition of toluene were followed. The experimental results showed that the solar process alone did not eliminate a significant amount of toluene. However, the combination of solar irradiation with either O3 or TiO2 improved the decomposition rate of toluene. A significant toluene conversion, at a high toluene inlet concentration, was achieved by the solar + O3 + TiO2 process. Toluene decomposition was found to be affected by the inlet flow rate; a high flow rate resulted in low conversion. The solar + O3 process was found to be more affected by gas relative humidity; the optimal humidity was found to be around 50%. The products from the photo-degradation of toluene were found to be water-soluble organics. The water-soluble organics were found to have high biodegradability. Thus, a post treatment consisting of a washing technique followed by biological treatment can be proposed.

Impact of Fenton and ozone on oxidation of wastewater containing nitroaromatic compounds.

Fenton and ozone treatment was investigated at laboratory scale for the degradation of aqueous solutions of nitrobenzene (NB). Effects of reactants concentration (03, H2O2, and Fe(II)), temperature, and pH on NB degradation were monitored. Reaction kinetic of these processes was also assessed. A rapid reaction took place for Fenton process at higher initial concentration of H2O2, higher temperatures, and more acidic conditions (pH 3). Similarly, ozonation reaction exhibited rapid rates for higher ozone dose, higher temperatures, and more basic conditions (pH 11). Complete NB degradation in 65 min was achieved using Fenton process. The conditions of complete elimination of 100 mgfL of initial NB concentration, were 250 mg/L of H2O2 concentration, pH 3, and 10 mg/L of Fe(II) concentration. Under these conditions, 55% organic carbon elimination was achieved. Total organic carbon mineralization was attained in 240 min reaction time by Fenton process with 900 mg/L of H2O2 concentration, and 30 mg/L of Fe(II) concentration. Fenton reaction showed a pseudo-first order kinetic; the reaction rate constant was ranged from 0.0226 to 0.0658 min(-1). Complete NB degradation was also achieved for an ozone dose of the order of 2.5 g/L. The ozonation was studied at different ozone doses, different initial pH (7-11) and at different temperatures (15-35 degrees C). NB ozonation kinetic was represented by a bi-molecular kinetic model which was reduced to pseudo-first order kinetic. The pseudo-first order reaction rate constant was determined to increase at 20 degrees C from 0.004 to 0.020 min(-1) as the used ozone increased from 0.4 to 1.9 g/L.

Degradation of cyanobacteria toxin by advanced oxidation processes.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using O(3), H(2)O(2), O(3)/H(2)O(2), O(3)/Fe(II), and Fenton treatment were investigated for the degradation of aqueous solutions of cyanobacteria. The effects of concentration of reactants, temperature, and pH on toxins degradation were monitored and the reaction kinetics was assessed. O(3) alone or combined with either H(2)O(2) or Fe(II) were efficient treatment for toxins elimination. A higher toxin oxidation tendency was observed with Fenton reaction; total toxins degradation (MC-LR and MC-RR) was achieved in only 60s. The ozonation treatment was successfully described by second-order kinetics model, with a first-order with respect to the concentration of either ozone or toxin. At 20 degrees C, with initial concentration of MC-LR of 1mg/L, the overall second-order reaction rate constant ranged from 6.79 x 10(4) to 3.49 x 10(3)M(-1)s(-1) as the solution pH increased from 2 to 11. The reaction kinetics of the other AOPs (O(3)/H(2)O(2), O(3)/Fe(II), and Fenton), were fitted to pseudo first-order kinetics. A rapid reaction was observed to took place at higher initial concentrations of O(3), H(2)O(2) and Fe(II), and higher temperatures. At pH 3, initial concentration of toxin of 1mg/L, the pseudo first-order rate constant, achieved by Fenton process, was in order of 8.76+/-0.7s(-1).

Oxidation of resin and fatty acids by ozone: kinetics and toxicity study.

The ozonation of resin and fatty acids (RFAs) found in pulp mill effluents was investigated using rapid-scan stopped-flow spectrophotometry. RFAs oxidation (i.e., degradation) efficiency increased with increasing the amount of used ozone and temperature. The degradation process with respect to the acid was found to follow first-order kinetics. The ozonation of RFAs was modeled as an overall second-order reaction for both reactants. The apparent overall second-order rate constants were calculated based on the pseudo first-order rate constants obtained from the kinetic data fitting for the acid degradation. The apparent overall second-order rate constant was affected by pH and temperature. At 20 degrees C and when pH increased from 8 to 11, the apparent overall second-order rate constant increased almost by a factor of 5 (from 3.9 x10(3) to 1.8 x10(4)M(-1)s(-1)) for 9 mgL(-1) resin acid and a factor of 4 (from 9.6 x10(3) to 3.9 x10(4)M(-1)s(-1)) for 8 mgL(-1) fatty acid. At pH 8 and as temperature increased from 10 to 20 degrees C, the apparent overall second-order rate constant increased almost by a factor of 5 (from 8.2 x10(2) to 3.9 x10(3)M(-1)s(-1)) for 9 mgL(-1) resin acid and a factor of 3 (from 3.5 x10(3) to 9.6 x10(3)M(-1)s(-1)) for 8 mgL(-1) fatty acid. Microtox bioassay tests were completed to evaluate the toxicity of RFAs samples before and after ozonation. For the resin acid, there was an increase in toxicity as a result of ozonation. Meanwhile, toxicity of fatty acid samples decreased as a result of ozonation.

A comparative study of the advanced oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using UV, UV/H2O2, Fenton and photo-Fenton treatment were investigated at laboratory scale for aqueous solutions of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP). The effects on degradation of different reactant concentrations, irradiation time, temperature and pH were assessed. DCP removal, TOC mineralization, dechlorination and change in oxidation state were monitored. UV photolysis was less efficient for total DCP degradation than other AOPs. In contrast, photo-Fenton reaction in acidic conditions led to a higher DCP degradation in a short time. Sixty minutes of treatment were sufficient for 100% DCP removal with 75 mg l(-1) H2O2 and 10 mg l(-1) Fe(II) initial concentrations. In these conditions, a first-order degradation constant for DCP of 0.057 min(-1) was obtained.