Indicators of Healthcare Services Utilization among the Syrian Refugee Population in Jordan: An Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: Sufficient healthcare services utilization among the Syrian refugee population is one of the most important human rights. Vulnerable populations, such as refugees, are often deprived of sufficient access to healthcare services. Even when healthcare services are accessible, refugees vary in their level of utilization of these services and their health-seeking behavior. PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the status and indicators of healthcare service access and utilization among adult Syrian refugees with non-communicable diseases residing in two refugee camps. METHODS: The cross-sectional descriptive design was conducted by enrolling 455 adult Syrian refugees residing in the Al-Za'atari and Azraq camps in northern Jordan, using demographical data, perceived health, and the "Access to healthcare services" module, which is a part of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). A logistic regression model with binary outcomes was used to explore the accuracy of the variables influencing the utilization of healthcare services. The individual indicators were examined further out of 14 variables, according to the Anderson model. Specifically, the model consisted of healthcare indicators and demographic variables to find out if they have any effect on healthcare services utilization. RESULTS: Descriptive data showed that the mean age of the study participants (n = 455) was 49.45 years (SD = 10.48), and 60.2% (n = 274) were females. In addition, 63.7% (n = 290), of them were married; 50.5% (n = 230) held elementary school-level degrees; and the majority 83.3% (n = 379) were unemployed. As expected, the vast majority have no health insurance. The mean overall food security score was 13 out of 24 (±3.5). Difficulty in accessing healthcare services among Syrian refugees in Jordan's camps was significantly predicted by gender. "Transportation problems, other than fee problems" (mean 4.25, SD = 1.11) and "Unable to afford transportation fees" (mean 4.27, SD = 1.12) were identified as the most important barriers to accessing healthcare services. CONCLUSION: Healthcare services must imply all possible measures to make them more affordable to refugees, particularly older, unemployed refugees with large families. High-quality fresh food and clean drinking water are needed to improve health outcomes in camps.

Exploring Jordanian emergency registered nurses' experiences of workplace violence: A phenomenological study.

BACKGROUND: Workplace violence against emergency nurses is an alarming hazard in Jordan, as it is globally. There is no prior research exploring the experiences of workplace violence against Jordanian emergency nurses. This study aimed to investigate Jordanian emergency registered nurses' lived experiences of workplace violence from their patients or relatives while working. METHOD: A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted using Colaizzi's data analysis method. Twelve emergency nurses participated in this study and were recruited via two Facebook groups using purposeful sampling. RESULTS: Four themes emerged from the analysis of violence in the emergency department revealed in this phenomenological study: (1) feeling overwhelmed that violence is so common, (2) ambivalent feelings toward patients and their families, (3) The feeling of inadequacy in handling violent situations, and (4) nurses' suffering. DISCUSSION: The findings of this study have practical implications for in-service workplace training programs and may be used to inform potential changes to policies and legislation designed to establish a safer emergency department environment for nurses, patients and their relatives/visitors. CONCLUSION: The findings can help policymakers, healthcare leaders, and managers better understand the consequences of workplace violence to advocate for and establish workplace violence prevention programs and strategies to support nursing staff who have experienced these events.

Workplace violence in nursing: A concept analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To clarify the concept of workplace violence in nursing and propose an operational definition of the concept. METHODS: The review method used was Walker and Avant's eight-step method. RESULTS: Identification of the key attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents of the concept resulted in an operational definition of the concept. The proposed operational definition identifies workplace violence experienced by nurses as any act or threat of verbal or physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the worksite with the intention of abusing or injuring the target. CONCLUSIONS: Developing insights into the concept will assist in the design of new research scales that can effectively measure the underlying issues, provide a framework that facilitates nursing interventions, and improve the validity of future studies.

Nurses' perspectives of violence in emergency departments: A metasynthesis.

INTRODUCTION: Workplace violence against nurses in the Emergency Department (ED) is a significant issue worldwide and has received increased attention. Workplace violence against nurses in the ED has increased in recent years. With such a large number of nurses having experienced violence, it is important to understand and elucidate the nurses' perspective of violence in the ED. METHOD: Qualitative studies that were published between 2010 and 2019. A metasynthesis of 6 qualitative studies was conducted using Noblit and Hare's metaethnographic methodology. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. RESULTS: Four overarching themes emerged from the data: the inevitability of violence, invisible wounds and painful memories, post-violence repercussions, and double-sided: physical and verbal abuse. DISCUSSION: Findings provide insight into policies actions related to perpetrators and developing violence protections guidelines to support ED nurses in managing workplace violence. CONCLUSION: Violence in the ED is an inevitable experience for nurses. Organizations must take a realistic approach to implement violence reduction measures and training programs in the ED.