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1.
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol ; 23(4): 296-301, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27994392

ABSTRACT

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Physical bottle characteristics differ of brand name topical glaucoma medications and local generic equivalents. This study compares the bottle characteristics of international topical glaucoma brands versus local brands from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Data were collected on bottle drum volume, drop volume, bottle squeezability, bottle tip diameter, labels and instructions, cap color coding, and clarity of the drug label. Density-based calculations of drops in bottle volume were assessed using an analytic balance. Bottle tip diameter was measured using 0.05 mm Vernier calipers. A Likert scale-based questionnaire was used to evaluate the subjective opinions of patients on bottle squeezability, clarity of usage and storage instructions, and the consistency of the cap color coding. RESULTS: The volumes of international brands were statistically significantly higher than the local brands (P < 0.001). A number of drops per bottle and tip diameter were comparable between the international local brands. Cap color coding was inconsistent for international and local brands. Patients were dissatisfied with the label font size. Patients reported that the international and local brands were similar in terms of the ease of opening the bottle, instilling a drop, and the clarity of the instructions; but the local brands were subjectively easier to squeeze than international brands. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to compare bottle characteristics of local Saudi Arabia brands with international brands. The bottle characteristics and patient feedback were similar between the local and international topical glaucoma medications. However, there were differences between the local and international brands in drug volume, bottle squeezability. Hence, patient compliance and drop dosage may differ based on the origin of manufacture.


Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/chemistry , Drug Packaging/standards , Drugs, Generic/chemistry , Glaucoma/drug therapy , Ophthalmic Solutions/chemistry , Prescription Drugs/chemistry , Administration, Topical , Adolescent , Adult , Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ophthalmic Solutions/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies , Saudi Arabia , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Transfusion ; 56(9): 2352-4, 2016 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27383017

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cord blood (CB) stem cells have been used worldwide in transplant medicine to treat various diseases. The efficacy of stem cells in umbilical CB (UCB) can be predicted by the number of total nucleated cells (TNCs). To optimize the clinical use of stem cells in our population, this study addresses several variables affecting the TNC count. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a single center from 2012 to 2014. In total, 957 CB units (CBUs) were collected from consented mothers. Data analyses of clinically accepted CBUs were correlated with maternal and infant factors. RESULTS: Based on the TNC accepted level of banking, 188 CBUs (19.64%) were rejected. Of the 16 maternal and infant variables evaluated, three factors demonstrated a statistically significant predictive value for the accepted TNC level. CB volume was the best predictive factor (p ≤ 0.0001), followed by newborn birth weight (p = 0.025), and the method of delivery (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Several maternal, neonatal, and obstetric factors appear to play a major role in predicting an accepted TNC count, which can be used to improve criteria for the donation of stem cells in CBUs.


Subject(s)
Blood Banking/methods , Fetal Blood/cytology , Birth Weight , Blood Volume , Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery, Obstetric , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Sex Factors
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