ABSTRACT
Here we present the findings of a study where 598 isolates of Escherichia coli (351 derived from seawater; 247 derived from the Venus clam, Circenita callipyga) were obtained from Kuwait's marine environment. Isolates were screened for their potential resistance to an array of 23 commonly deployed frontline antibiotics. Results demonstrate the resistant was widespread across all sites with high-levels of resistance (seawater: summer 89-64%; winter 90-57% and biota: summer 77%; winter 88%) observed to at least 1 of the 23 antibiotics tested. Resistance to Ampicillin was by far the most widely observed profile in seawater and biota across both summer and winter seasons, with 55.9 to 70.9% isolates displaying resistance to this antibiotic. This study demonstrates the potential of AMR screening to be used in Kuwait to detect issues related to water quality and the consequences it may pose for human health.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bivalvia/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Seawater/microbiology , Animals , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Humans , Kuwait , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Water QualityABSTRACT
The rapid expansion of industry, along with previous pollution events linked to conflicts in the region, have led to a variety of contaminants being inadvertently or deliberately discharged into Kuwait's marine environment. These include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace metals, from the petrochemical industry, and contaminated brine from the region's desalination industries. The present paper has reviewed over 60 studies that have reported the levels of contaminants, including PAHs, metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) present in seawater, sediment and representative marine organisms. Most of the reviewed literature confirmed that while Kuwait's marine environment has been subjected to a wide array of pollution events, the actual levels of contamination remains relatively low. However, sediment contamination hotspots associated with point sources of industrial contamination, such as originating from the Shuaiba industrial area, do exist at a number of locations around the coast.
