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1.
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc ; 55(2): 101-109, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30653362

ABSTRACT

Combination chemotherapy can be an effective option for treating resistant lymphoma in dogs. This retrospective study examined the tolerability and efficacy of the combination of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (dacarbazine) (DTIC) in a population of dogs with lymphoma resistant to a doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy protocol. Mitoxantrone was administered at 5 mg/m2 IV over 10 min followed by DTIC at 600 mg/m2 IV over 5 hr, every 3 wk. All dogs were treated with prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfadiazine and metoclopramide. The frequency of grade 4 neutropenia was 18%, and 5% of dogs were hospitalized from sepsis. Gastrointestinal toxicity was uncommon. The overall response rate was 34% (15 of 44; 95% confidence interval 20-48%) for a median duration of 97 days (range 24-636 days, 95% confidence interval 44-150 days). Fourteen of 15 dogs who received mitoxantrone and DTIC as first rescue responded to treatment. Dogs who achieved complete remission to their initial L-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy protocol were more likely to respond to mitoxantrone and DTIC (23 versus 11%, P = .035). The combination of mitoxantrone and DTIC is a safe treatment option for resistant lymphoma in dogs.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Dacarbazine/therapeutic use , Lymphoma/veterinary , Mitoxantrone/therapeutic use , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Dacarbazine/administration & dosage , Dacarbazine/adverse effects , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Dogs , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Lymphoma/drug therapy , Male , Mitoxantrone/administration & dosage , Mitoxantrone/adverse effects , Neutropenia/chemically induced , Neutropenia/veterinary , Retrospective Studies
2.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 232(8): 1200-5, 2008 Apr 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18412534

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical activity and toxic effects of lomustine when used to treat cats with mast cell tumors (MCTs). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 38 cats with measurable, histologically or cytologically confirmed MCTs treated with lomustine at a dosage > or = 50 mg/m(2). PROCEDURES: Medical records were reviewed to determine response to treatment and evidence of drug toxicoses. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate remission duration. RESULTS: 26 cats had cutaneous MCTs, 7 had MCTs of the mesenteric lymph nodes, 2 had gastrointestinal tract MCTs, 2 had hepatic MCTs, and 1 had MCTs involving multiple organs. Targeted lomustine dosage was 50 mg/m(2) in 22 cats and 60 mg/m(2) in 16 cats. Median administered dosage of lomustine was 56 mg/m(2) (range, 48 to 65 mg/m(2)), and median number of doses administered was 2 (range, 1 to 12). Seven cats had a complete response and 12 had a partial response, for an overall response rate of 50%. Median response duration was 168 days (range, 25 to 727 days). The most common toxicoses were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that lomustine had activity against MCTs in cats and was well tolerated. Further, findings suggested that treatment with lomustine should be considered for cats with MCTs for which local treatment is not an option.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/therapeutic use , Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Lomustine/therapeutic use , Lymphoma/veterinary , Mast-Cell Sarcoma/veterinary , Skin Neoplasms/veterinary , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/adverse effects , Cat Diseases/pathology , Cats , Female , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lomustine/adverse effects , Lymphoma/drug therapy , Lymphoma/pathology , Male , Mast-Cell Sarcoma/drug therapy , Mast-Cell Sarcoma/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/veterinary , Neoplasm Staging/veterinary , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Treatment Outcome
3.
J Vet Intern Med ; 16(5): 576-80, 2002.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12322709

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the MOPP chemotherapy protocol (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) as a rescue regimen in dogs with lymphoma. One hundred seventeen dogs that had resistance to previously administered chemotherapy were evaluated. Before treatment with MOPP, all dogs received a median of 6 chemotherapy drugs for a median duration of 213 days. Thirty-one percent (36 of 117) had a complete response (CR) to MOPP for a median of 63 days, and 34% (40 of 117) had a partial response (PR) for a median of 47 days. Sixteen percent (19 of 117) had stable disease (SD) for a median of 33 days. Predictors for response to MOPP were not identified. Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity occurred in 28% (33 of 117) of the dogs, and 13% (15 dogs) required hospitalization. Five dogs developed septicemia, and 2 died as a result. MOPP was an effective treatment for dogs with resistant lymphoma and was well tolerated by the majority of affected dogs.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Lymphoma/drug therapy , Lymphoma/veterinary , Mechlorethamine/therapeutic use , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Procarbazine/therapeutic use , Vincristine/therapeutic use , Animals , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Dogs , Female , Male , Mechlorethamine/adverse effects , Prednisone/adverse effects , Procarbazine/adverse effects , Remission Induction , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Vincristine/adverse effects
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