ABSTRACT
Exercise training is employed as supplementary therapy to patients with heart failure due to its multiple beneficial cardiac effects including physiological remodeling of the heart. However, precautions might be taken for the concomitant high oxidant release. Nigella sativa (NS) has been found to induce cardiac hypertrophy and enhance cardiac function. Combination of NS supplementation and exercise training might induce a safer model of cardiac hypertrophy. Our aim was to study biomarkers associated with cardiac hypertrophy induced by NS supplementation of exercise-trained rats. Forty-five adult male Wistar rats (body weight 150-220 g) were divided equally into three groups: control, exercise-trained (ET) and NS-treated-exercise-trained (NSET) groups. Daily 800 mg/kg NS was administered orally to NSET group for 8 weeks. Rats of the ET and NSET groups were subjected to treadmill running sessions for 2 h/day for 8 weeks. By the end of the experiment, the following were recorded: body, heart and left ventricular weights (BW, HW, LVW), cardiomyocyte diameter, serum growth hormone, insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I), thyroid hormones, catecholamines, total nitrate, ICAM and antioxidant capacity. A homogenous cardiac hypertrophy was evidenced by increased HW/BW, LVW/BW ratios and cardiomyocyte diameter in the two groups of exercise-trained compared with control rats. Rats of ET group had higher growth hormone. Those of NSET group developed higher IGF-I and total antioxidant capacity, as well as lower serum thyroxin level. Simultaneous NS supplementation to an exercise training program preserves and augments exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy with step-forward adaptive signs of increased IGF-I and reduced thyroxin level, and with an added advantage of elevation of total serum antioxidant capacity. Thus, the novel model of NSET-induced cardiac hypertrophy might be introduced as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of heart failure with superior advantages to exercise training alone.
Subject(s)
Cardiomegaly/physiopathology , Dietary Supplements , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology , Nigella sativa , Physical Conditioning, Animal , Administration, Oral , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Biomarkers/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Growth Hormone/blood , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism , Male , Models, Animal , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thyroid Hormones/bloodSubject(s)
Laryngeal Masks , Air Pressure , Anesthesia, Inhalation , Humans , Respiration, ArtificialSubject(s)
Laryngeal Masks , Adult , Anesthesia, General , Atmospheric Pressure , Female , Humans , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , MaleABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There are concerns over the intra-cuff pressure of the laryngeal mask and laryngopharyngeal morbidity. In a randomized study, the authors compared cuff-pressure changes in the LMA-Classic and the new disposable Soft Seal laryngeal mask during nitrous oxide anaesthesia. METHODS: Two-hundred adult patients were randomly assigned to a size 4 laryngeal mask in two equal-sized groups for airway management: (a) the re-usable LMA-Classic, or (b) the new disposable Soft Seal laryngeal mask. Anaesthesia was administered with fentanyl, propofol, nitrous oxide, O2 and sevoflurane. The cuff pressures, adjusted to 45 mmHg at insertion, were monitored continuously until the end of the operation without any further attempt to reduce cuff pressure. On removal of the laryngeal mask, any blood at all was considered positive. Patients were requested to report any sore throat at 2 and 24 h postoperatively. RESULTS: During nitrous oxide anaesthesia, cuff pressures increased in the LMA-Classic group from 45 to 100.3 mmHg and from 45 to 46.8 mmHg in the Soft Seal laryngeal mask group (P < 0.001). The incidence of sore throat was significantly higher at 2 h postoperatively when using the LMA-Classic, although there was no difference at 24 h following the operation. Macroscopic blood was only seen on four occasions in the LMA-Classic group (not significant). CONCLUSIONS: During nitrous oxide anaesthesia, cuff pressure increases in the LMA-Classic mask were significantly higher than those of the Soft Seal laryngeal mask. Trauma to patients, as assessed by the incidence of sore throat in the early postoperative period was significantly higher in the LMA-Classic group. Cuff pressures should be monitored during nitrous oxide anaesthesia when LMA-Classic is used but to do so is of less importance when using the disposable Soft Seal laryngeal mask.
Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Inhalation , Laryngeal Masks , Nitrous Oxide , Adult , Disposable Equipment , Equipment Reuse , Female , Humans , Laryngeal Masks/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Pharyngitis/etiology , Polyvinyl Chloride , Pressure , Silicone ElastomersSubject(s)
Anesthetics, Inhalation/chemistry , Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation , Nitrous Oxide/chemistry , Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage , Diffusion , Equipment Design , Humans , Nitrous Oxide/administration & dosage , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Oxygen/chemistry , Permeability , Plasticizers/chemistry , Polyvinyl Chloride/chemistry , Pressure , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
We have measured pressure changes in a newly designed tracheal tube cuff, the Portex Soft Seal, during nitrous oxide anaesthesia compared with a Mallinckrodt Lo-Contour tube and a Portex Profile tube. The pressure increases in both control groups were significantly greater than those with the new design (P < 0.0001 in each case). The mean increase in pressure in the Mallinckrodt Lo-Contour tube cuff was 9.9 (SD 3.4) mm Hg compared with 10.3 (1.8) mm Hg in the Portex Profile tube cuff and 2.1 (1.5) mm Hg in the Portex Soft Seal tube cuff. We conclude that the Portex Soft Seal cuff prevented a significant increase in intracuff pressure during nitrous oxide anaesthesia.
Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Inhalation , Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation , Nitrous Oxide , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Anesthesia, Inhalation , Equipment Design , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , PressureABSTRACT
The effect of intramuscular diclofenac or placebo on analgesia obtained and on opiate and antiemetic requirements was observed in a randomised double-blind study of sixty patients receiving continuous intravenous papaveretum. Those patients receiving diclofenac required less papaveretum (P = 0.001) than those receiving placebo. They also had lower visual analogue pain scores (VAS) at four hours (P less than 0.05) and decreased requirement for antiemetics (P less than 0.02). No gastrointestinal complications were observed in either group and blood loss did not differ significantly between the two.
Subject(s)
Diclofenac/therapeutic use , Hip Prosthesis , Opium/therapeutic use , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Adult , Aged , Antiemetics/administration & dosage , Antiemetics/therapeutic use , Blood Loss, Surgical , Diclofenac/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Injections, Intramuscular , Injections, Intravenous , Knee Prosthesis , Male , Middle Aged , Opium/administration & dosage , Pain Measurement , Placebos , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The effect of inspired oxygen concentration on the incidence of desaturation was studied in two groups of patients (n = 32 and 31) during total hip replacement. During insertion of acrylic bone cement, those patients receiving an inspired fractional oxygen concentration (FIO2) of 0.5 had less desaturation (3%) than those receiving an FIO2 of 0.33 (34%).
Subject(s)
Hip Prosthesis/adverse effects , Hypoxia/etiology , Methylmethacrylates/adverse effects , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Aged , Anesthesia, General/methods , Blood Pressure , Female , Hip Prosthesis/methods , Humans , Male , OximetryABSTRACT
The anaesthetic management of a patient with upper airway obstruction secondary to relapsing polychondritis is described. The relevance of this condition to the anaesthetist is discussed.
