Histological analysis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

A wide interobserver variation is seen even among competent histopathologists in the routine diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). As a result, early detection of low-grade CIN (CIN 1) lesions, in particular, remains a major challenge both in routine diagnosis and in cervical screening. In this chapter, the salient diagnostic features of human papillomavirus infection and CIN lesions are demonstrated.