Stressors and coping strategies among secondary school male students in Abha City, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Stress is a biological process in which exposure to stressors is associated with bad health effects, decreased ability of disease management, and a higher likelihood for disease-related complications and comorbidities. Stress has been considered the main factor in the etiology of many diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiac diseases, and body aches for centuries. Students meet many stressful situations such as the need for success, academic demands, homesickness, and lack of social support. Coping with stress can be a leading cause in preventing psychological distress and a serious illness. Methods: A correlational cross-sectional approach was applied to the current research. The research targeted all secondary school male students in Abha city. A multistage cluster sample was applied by selecting schools and students from the Directorate of Education in Abha. Self-administered questionnaire sheets were distributed to students in their classes. The questionnaire covered students' sociodemographic data such as age, grades, parents' education and work, living conditions, and comorbidities. Stressors to which the students were exposed were also enumerated with the degree of stress for each. Stress was assessed using the Holmes-Rahe Stress Inventory for youth. Coping skills were measured using the abbreviated version of the COPE Inventory. Results: The study included 324 students whose ages ranged from 15 to 20 years old with a mean age of 17 ± 0.9 years old. Approximately 33% of the students were in first grade; 44.4% of the students had no or minimal level of stress while major stress was recorded among 26.5% of the students. In total, 77.8% of the students had moderate coping and none had high coping ability. Conclusion: The study revealed that more than half of the students had significant levels of stress and one out of each four had major stress. The most common stressors were due to the school environment and future planning. Young age, low socioeconomic status, parents' separation, and having chronic health problems were the most important determinants of stress among the students.

Audit of diabetic care in family practice center in Abha City, Aseer region: CBAHI standards application.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study is to assess the quality of diabetic care at AlManhal PHCC based on CBAHI standards. METHODS: This audit was conducted during 2018 at Al_Manhal PHCC through assessment all aspects of DM care ( structures, processes and outcomes) using CBAHI standards . Data entry and analysis were managed used SPSS. RESULTS: Most of DM structures were available at the PHCC , however, health educational program , lab relevant facilities were partially met the standards. Records of 429 patients were assessed for process of care which were satisfactory except for laboratory investigations and eye examination which were partially met . Good DM metabolic control was (28%) , HTN control (71%) and lipid control( 54%), good compliance with appointment was 85% . The most common documented complications were retinopathy( 14%), nephropathy (4.5%) and CHD( 4%). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This audit revealed that using of CBAHI standards for DM care at PHCC is simple and practical and could help to identify the weak areas that needs improvement. The present care of DM in our PHCC has acceptable infrastructures except for health education program , laboratory and referral system which should be scaled up to improve the processes and outcomes. DM control is still a big challenge and needs more collaborative effort between health care providers and patients.

Incidence of hypoglycemia and its risk factors among diabetics during Ramadan in Abha city, Aseer Region, KSA.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aims to explore the incidence of hypoglycemia and its risk factors among diabetic patients attending primary health care center during Ramadan Abha city, Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adult diabetic patients attending Primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Abha city, southwest of KSA. A questionnaire in Arabic language was used. It consisted of five parts that covered patients demographic and DM relevant profile, hypoglycemia attacks during Ramadan, compliance with drug, diet, exercise and glucose monitoring. Four PHCCs in Abha city were selected randomly to conduct this study. All diabetic patients who attended the selected PHCCs during the month of Shawwal 1439 (corresponding to June-July 2018) were interviewed by the investigators. Data were coded, entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Appropriate statistical tests were used accordingly and P value was considered as significant if it was less than 5%. RESULTS: The total patients participated in this study was 378. The mean age was 45 years, males represents 51%, mean duration of DM was 12 years, type-1DM constitutes about one third. Most of type-1 DM patients used act rapid and long acting insulin (65%), while in type-2 DM, more than one third (38%) used OHA, 8% were on insulin alone. More than half of patients (52%) reported at least one attack of hypoglycemia during Ramadan, (29%) out of them had more than four attacks. About two third of attacks (67%) occurred in the morning and evening while less than one fourth have hypoglycemia at night (17%), (2%) visited ER or PHC and 1% were admitted to hospital for further management. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the incidence of hypoglycemia among diabetics was high. Many Risk factors were identified; young age, type-1 DM, long duration of DM, insulin use. More attacks occurred during Ramadan day period and led to breaking the fasting among all affected patients. Most of patients were not given instructions regarding self-care immediately before or during Ramadan. Structured health education program for diabetics attending PHCC should be constructed and implemented before beginning of Ramadan in order to minimize the incidence of acute complications particularly hypoglycemia.

Patients satisfaction with consultation at primary health care centers in Abha City, Saudi Arabia.

AIM OF STUDY: This study aims to assess patients satisfaction regarding consultations at the General Clinics of primary health-care (PHC) centers, in Abha City. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study design was conduct among adult patients attending training PHC centers in Abha City, Saudi Arabia during September 2016. The researcher designed a data collection sheet that comprised patients' personal characteristics and the consultation satisfaction questionnaire, which contained 18 questions within four dimensions, i.e., general satisfaction; professional care; depth of relationship; and length of consultation. RESULTS: The total number of the patient included in this study was 400, more than half of them were male (54%). Most of them were Saudi (90%), married (79%), and educated (93%). More than half 53% were dissatisfied, 20% were satisfied with consultation while 27% were natural. The most important factor affecting satisfaction with consultation was age, education level and income. CONCLUSIONS: Patients satisfaction toward their consultation experience at general clinics of training PHC centers in Abha City was suboptimal. Total consultation scores differ significantly according to their age groups, education level, and monthly income. RECOMMENDATIONS: PHC physicians should be more concerned with improving medical consultations provided to their patients. Continuing medical education and training of PHC physicians about provision of medical consultation.