ABSTRACT
Pretherapeutic imaging plays a central role in the management of tumors of the oropharynx and oral cavity. MR and, to a lesser extent, CT and F-18 FDG PET-CT are the imaging modalities of choice for pretherapeutic work-up of these lesions. Imaging protocols should be simple and reproducible, and should provide the key elements for treatment planning.
Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Positron-Emission Tomography , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , HumansABSTRACT
Imaging has a key role in the follow-up of patients treated for laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Imaging is complementary to clinical evaluation and has three goals: evaluation of chemo and radiation therapy; differentiation between complications and tumour recurrence; early detection of tumour recurrence, prior to clinical manifestations. Imaging may allow early detection of recurrences, when salvage treatment may still be less radical.
Subject(s)
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Laryngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Decision Trees , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Laryngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Laryngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosisABSTRACT
Good anatomical knowledge is necessary to make an effective diagnosis in ear pathology. The purpose of this article is to summarize the main landmarks of the ear. Anatomic definitions of the external ear, middle ear, and bony labyrinth are described on routine spiral CT, and the anatomic definition of the membranous labyrinth and the cochleovestibular nerve on MRI is reviewed.
Subject(s)
Ear/anatomy & histology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Temporal Bone/anatomy & histology , Tomography, Spiral Computed , Auditory Pathways/anatomy & histology , Cochlea/anatomy & histology , Ear/diagnostic imaging , Ear Ossicles/anatomy & histology , Ear Ossicles/diagnostic imaging , Ear, External/anatomy & histology , Ear, External/diagnostic imaging , Ear, Inner/anatomy & histology , Ear, Inner/diagnostic imaging , Ear, Middle/anatomy & histology , Ear, Middle/diagnostic imaging , Facial Nerve/anatomy & histology , Humans , Oval Window, Ear/anatomy & histology , Petrous Bone/anatomy & histology , Petrous Bone/diagnostic imaging , Temporal Bone/diagnostic imaging , Vestibulocochlear Nerve/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to present a systematic description of cervical lymph drainage by nodal level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present, in French, the radiological and surgical classification of the cervical lymph nodes with numerous illustrations. A critical analysis of the advantages and limitations of this tool is presented together with practical guidelines. RESULTS: This classification system is a useful tool for the evaluation of cervical metastases. It provides for more precise treatment and better understanding and communication between specialists, offering the standardization necessary for comparing results obtained by different teams and for multicenter studies. CONCLUSION: This classification of cervical lymph nodes by level is a useful tool for the management of cervical node involvement in head and neck cancer.