Monomolecular Cracking of Propane: Effect of Zeolite Confinement and Acidity.

The effect of zeolite pore geometry and intrinsic acidity on the activation energy of propane monomolecular cracking was investigated for six topologically distinct zeolites with different pore sizes. Periodic density functional theory calculations were used to calculate the activation energy, while cluster models were used to calculate deprotonation energies. The computed intrinsic activation energies showed a smaller variation with topology than the adsorption energies. No correlation was found between the computed deprotonation and ammonia adsorption energies at the acid site and the intrinsic activation energy. Detailed analysis of the computed structures and properties suggests that acid sites with different pore topologies impose geometrical constraints on the ion-pair formed by the ammonium molecule, which differs significantly from those that affect the propane reaction.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward First Aid Management of Skin Burns in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Burns are considered a serious health affection that leads to several consequences affecting a person both physically and emotionally. Herbal and traditional medicine have become popular remedies among patients worldwide. Aim: This study explores common practices followed in burns as first aid management. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia using a designed questionnaire distributed electronically through different social media. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic details, history of burns, causative material, and practices followed in response to burns. Results: 461 individuals have participated in this study. The commonest reason for burns was hot water or steam. The majority of the respondents (63%) had a satisfactory response to self-aid alone at home. The most common first aid options for managing burns at home were cold water alone 195 (42%), any sort of cream alone 177 (38%), or both 317 (69%). Overall, the result shows no statistically significant difference between the outcome of burn injury and the most commonly used burn aids. Conclusions: Most people use creams and water as the first-aid management of burns, while a good number of people use traditional medicine. Overall, people who receive hospital treatment after getting first aid at home give a better outcome.