RISK FACTORS LEADING TO DEVELOPMENTAL COMPLICATIONS AFTER OPEN REDUCTION IN DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF HIP.

BACKGROUND: The developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is regarded as one of the commonest congenital deformities. Its incidence has been estimated to be one in 60 live births according to some estimates. Different forms of treatment modalities have been suggested and their success depends on the age of the patient. The study was done with the objectives to observe the post-operative complications of open reduction in patients with DDH and to determine the possible risk factors associated with these complications. METHODS: A total of 60 patients were enrolled with DDH in this descriptive cross-sectional study from August 2013 to November 2015. After obtaining an informed consent, the patients underwent open reduction and in some cases, subsequent osteotomy. The patients were followed-up at three months intervals for at least 9 months to look for development of complications, if any. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 31.32 ± 2.52 months. Majority 45 (75%) of the study population was female. The most common complication observed was osteonecrosis (5 patients; 8.33%) followed by residual dysplasia and re-dislocation in 3 (5%) patients each. Infection was identified as a complication in 2 (3.33%) patients. When stratified with complications of open reduction, female sex and bilateral hip involvement were found to have a significant association with the development of complications. CONCLUSION: Female sex and bilateral hip involvement confer a greater risk of developing a complication following open reduction for DDH.

Comparison of cervical cell morphology using two different cytology techniques for early detection of pre-cancerous lesions.

Cervical cancer is an issue of foremost importance globally, specifically affecting the developing nations. Significant advances have taken place with regard to diagnosis of cervical cancer, especially with screening. Appropriate screening measures can thus reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. The most desirable screening technique should be less invasive, easy to perform, cost-effective and cover a wide range of diagnostic icons. Manual liquid based cytology (MLBC) can be considered as one of the suitable technique for screening with the above-mentioned benefits. The aim of the current study was to compare two cervical screening techniques on the basis of different morphological parameters and staining parameters by using modified acetic acid Pap staining to see the possibility of reducing time economy involved in conventional Pap staining (CPS). The study was conducted on a total 88 cases and all were analyzed with both MLBC and CPS. Forty eight cases that were regarded as satisfactory on the basis of Bethesda system by both methods were further recruited for investigation. Their morphological parameters and staining quality were compared and scored according to a scoring system defined in the study. Quality indices was calculated for both staining procedures and smear techniques.