Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the Online Education Student Satisfaction Scale: A Methodological Study.

Background and Purpose: Assessing student satisfaction is essential in evaluating the quality of education. The number of valid and reliable tools that measure students' satisfaction with online education is limited. This methodological study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the online education student satisfaction scale. Methods: Eleven academicians from the nursing field provided expert opinions on content validity. Separate 25 students evaluated the language clarity of the draft scale. The study sample included 525 third- and fourth-year nursing students. Finally, a group of 30 nursing students different from the sample participated in the test-retest. The study created an item pool based on the recent literature. The researchers calculated the items' content validity rates and the scale's content validity index by taking the experts' opinions. In addition, item-total score correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, discrimination analysis, stability test, and internal consistency analysis were performed. Results: An item with a low-correlation value was excluded from the scale. The correlation coefficients of the remained items were between .536 and .811. In the second round of exploratory factor analysis, a five-factor structure emerged that explained 72.1% of the total variance. In addition, item discrimination, stability, and internal consistency test results ensured that the scale was valid and reliable. Conclusions: The online education student satisfaction scale with five subdimensions containing 28 items is a valid and reliable tool. Researchers, educators, and managers may use it to evaluate students' satisfaction with online education.

Touch-operated world of teenagers in the distance education process: A cross-sectional study on nomophobia, netlessphobia and fear of missing out in nursing students.

AIM: To determine the levels of nomophobia, netlessphobia and fear of missing out of nursing students in this digital era and to perform comparison according to their personal and smartphone usage characteristics. BACKGROUND: The time we live in has provoked some digital diseases along with many developments that have made our lives easier. Nomophobia, netlessphobia and fear of missing out, which develop due to excessive or inappropriate use of smartphones, the Internet and social media, are among those digital diseases. DESIGN: This is a descriptive, comparative, correlational and cross-sectional study. METHODS: The data were obtained from 802 volunteer students at the nursing faculties of three public universities in Istanbul between 15 April and 15 May 2022. The personal information form, Nomophobia Questionnaire, Firat Netlessphobia Scale and Fear of Missing Out Scale were used as data collection instruments. The data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and descriptive, correlative and comparative analyses. RESULTS: The scale scores of nursing students were below the average in general; however, it was determined that the nomophobia scores were higher than the netlessphobia and fear of missing out scores. While gender and grade variables made a significant difference with nomophobia (p < 0.05), no significant difference was found with netlessphobia and fear of missing out (p > 0.05). Those who connect to the Internet from home; use the Internet for distance education and social media; use the Internet on their smartphones for a longer period in a day; check their smartphone more often; carry a phone charger with them; spend time on their smartphones before sleeping and after waking up; and consider themselves addicted obtained higher scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Digital issues of our time are both associated with the interaction among each other and smartphone usage characteristics. It is considered important to evaluate themselves regarding inappropriate or excessive use and risky behavior, as well as adapting approaches to protect young people.

Cervical Dysplasia Distress Questionnaire: Turkish validity and reliability study.

The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish adaptation of the Cervical Dysplasia Distress Questionnaire (CDDQ) in women with abnormal Pap smear results. This validation study was conducted using a cross-sectional research design. A total of 115 patients who were being followed up in the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic of a university hospital due to an abnormal Pap smear test were included. In the study, the results of language and content validity, item analysis, exploratory, and confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency coefficients, and concurrent and convergent validity were assessed in order to adapt the CDDQ to the Turkish language and culture and to determine its reliability and validity. It was determined that all factor loads of the scale ranged from 0.13 to 0.85. The exploratory variance was found to be 29.986 for the first subscale, 19.734 for the second subscale, 16.551 for the third subscale, and 66.271 for the overall scale. Cronbach's alpha values for the tension during the examination, concerns about health consequences, and concerns about sexual consequences were 0.92, 0.91, and 0.87, respectively. The desired level of correlation was achieved between the CDDQ and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). In the study, the Turkish adaptation of the CDDQ was found to be a valid and reliable instrument to assess psychological distress in women with abnormal Pap smear results.

An Evaluation of a Web-Based Crisis Management Training Program for Nurse Managers: The Case of the COVID-19 Crisis.

OBJECTIVE: The effective management of nursing services, the main power in patients' care and treatment in the front line of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, and nurse managers' effective leadership behaviors in the fight against the pandemic have been important key factors. It is thus critical to support nurse managers, strengthen them through training, and increase their competency so that they can successfully manage crises, disasters, or pandemics. This study aims to assess the effect of a web-based training program on the knowledge levels of nurse managers who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a randomized controlled experimental study. The study population consisted of the members of the Nurse Managers Association. The intervention group had 30 participants, and the control group had 31 participants in the final. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups' mean number of correct pre-test responses (P = 0.843). However, the intervention group's mean number of correct post-test responses was statistically significantly higher than the control group's after the web-based training program (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Web-based training programs can effectively increase nurse managers' knowledge levels. Therefore, web-based training programs should be developed in ordinary times for the management of crisis situations.

The relationship between the conflict management strategies and ethical leadership behaviours of nurse managers perceived by nurses.

AIM: The aims of this study were to determine nurse managers' level of ethical leadership perceived by nurses and to examine its relationship with conflict management strategies. BACKGROUND: Ethical leadership is about how managers use their power in their decisions and actions, and its source is based on moral and ethical authority. Therefore, it is important to understand the impact of ethical behaviours of nurse managers in the work environment on determining conflict management strategies. METHOD: The data of this descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study were collected face-to-face from 285 nurses between April-June 2019. The data collection instruments included the introductory information form, the Ethical Leadership Scale, and The Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II. RESULTS: Ethical leadership scores perceived by nurses in nurse managers were found 3.78, and the highest score was obtained from the behavioural ethics subscale (3.81 ± .91). In conflict management strategies perceived by nurses, it was determined that they got highest scores from collaborating style (3.76 ± .90) and lowest scores from competing style (2.90 ± .94). There was no significant relationship only between ethical leadership and its subscales and competing (r: -.038/-.041, p > .05). In other subscales, there were positive, moderate, and highly significant relationships (r: .466-.747, p < .001). The rate of explanatoriness of communicative ethics subscale in conflict management strategies ranged from 22.3% to 58.0%. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that communicative ethics subscale significantly affects the conflict management strategies of nurse managers. Therefore, it is important for nurse managers to communicate bilaterally and be a role model for nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Ethical leaders value trust and respect in their interactions with employees and reflect what appropriate behaviour to the situation is. Nurses who perceive that their managers demonstrate ethical leadership behaviours will also evaluate their role in conflict resolution. On the other hand, the power-based, aggressive, noncompromising domination approach that the person imposes on others is not associated with the ethical leadership perception towards their managers by nurses and is a strategy that should not be preferred. Therefore, nurse managers who use appropriate conflict management strategies were seen as a role model by nurses.

Nomophobia, netlessphobia, and fear of missing out in nursing students: A cross-sectional study in distance education.

BACKGROUND: In the pandemic, along with distance education, nursing students' smartphone and internet usage habits have changed and their duration has been extended. However, the effect of this situation on problems that may develop due to excessive/inappropriate use of smartphones and the internet such as nomophobia, netlessphobia, fear of missing out is unknown. This study was conducted to measure nursing students' nomophobia, netlessphobia, and fear of missing out levels and identify the correlations between them. METHODS: This descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study was conducted on 802 students studying in 3 nursing faculties between November 2021 and February 2022. Introductory Information Form, Nomophobia Questionnaire, Firat Netlessphobia Scale and Fear of Missing Out Scale were used to collect the data. RESULTS: The nursing students used their smartphones for 5.13 ± 2.26 h on average per day and used internet from their smartphones for 4.65 ± 2.74 h. They considered themselves as partly smartphone addicts and they were active users on social media platforms such as WhatsApp (97.3 %) or Instagram (82.2 %). The students' nomophobia mean score was 2.98 ± 0.78, their netlessphobia mean score was 2.53 ± 0.87, and their fear of missing out mean score was 2.18 ± 0.80. Netlessphobia alone accounted for 44.4 % of nomophobia and there was a positive and moderate correlation between them (r = 0.666; p < .001). Fear of missing out alone accounted for 18.5 % of nomophobia and there was a positive and moderate correlation between them (r = 0.430; p < .001). Both of them affected nomophobia by 45.4 %. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the increase in the digital activities of nursing students in the distance education process, it is positive that the netlessphobia and fear of missing out scores are low. However, higher nomophobia scores and strong relationships between concepts require being aware of possible problems, monitoring and taking precautions.

The role of psychological capital in the relationship between nurses' job satisfaction and turnover intention.

PURPOSE: To find out whether psychological capital has a mediating role in the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention on nurses. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. 466 nurses participated in this study. Data were collected via paper-and-pencil format using Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, Psychological Capital Questionnaire and Turnover Intention Scale. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed effects of poor psychological capital among nurses. The effect of psychological capital was statistically significant and it partially mediated job satisfaction and turnover intention. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Initiative sand training programs should be planned to improve nurses' attitudes towards psychological capital levels.

Nurses' disaster core competencies and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study from Turkey.

AIM: The aim of this study is to determine nurses' disaster core competency levels, compare them based on characteristics and examine the relationships with psychological resilience. BACKGROUND: Since nurses constitute a critical part in the health care services, it is important to understand the competencies and effective factors in their disaster preparedness. METHODS: The data were collected from 489 nurses between January and February 2021 with an introductory information form, the Nurses' Perceptions of Disaster Core Competencies Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. RESULTS: The nurses' level of disaster core competencies was above the average, and it was positively correlated with their psychological resilience. The nurses' disaster experiences made higher differences on their disaster core competencies when compared to their personal and professional characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to provide disaster training and drills to all nurses on a regular basis. However, under disaster conditions, resilience should also be considered and included in the preparation plans for nurses to support their professional competencies and qualifications. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse managers should play a leadership role in planning disaster preparedness training for nurses, and these trainings should be addressed to cover both professional competencies and resilience for nurses to respond effectively to disasters.

An investigation of the relationship between smartphone addiction and job performance of healthcare employees.

PURPOSE: To determine the smartphone addiction and employee performance levels of healthcare personnel working in a university hospital and to investigate their relationship. DESIGN AND METHOD: This study is descriptive and correlational design. The data collection tool consisted of the Descriptive Information Form, Smartphone Addiction Scale, and Employee Performance Scale. FINDINGS: The majority of participants were female, aged 30 and younger, working night shifts, and physicians. The majority of those who run out of monthly data bundles said they purchase once-off bundles. There was a negative statistically significant relationship between smartphone addiction and employee performance. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Healthcare employees' level of smartphone addiction adversely affects employee performance and it is recommended for the managers of the institution to develop internal strategies to prevent those effects.

Relationship Between Professional Quality of Life and Work Alienation Among Healthcare Professionals.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the levels of professional quality of life and work alienation of healthcare professionals. METHODS: This study is descriptive and cross-sectional. A total of 1523 healthcare professionals from 13 cities across Turkey participated in the research. The data were collected in June 2019 using the Professional Quality of Life scale and the Work Alienation scale. Descriptive, correlational, and parametric comparative analyses were used to analyze data. RESULTS: The mean professional quality of life score of healthcare professionals was 2.23 ± .61, and the subscale with the highest score was Compassion Satisfaction (M = 3.44 ± 1.29). The mean score for work alienation in healthcare professionals was 2.84 ± .29, and the subscale with the highest score was Powerlessness (M = 2.94 ± .50). A negative, very weak and significant relationship (r = -.073; p < .05) was determined between the scores obtained from the two scales. The total professional quality of life score of healthcare professionals significantly differed according to gender, profession, and unit. The total work alienation score of healthcare professionals significantly differed depending on the age groups, marital status, education level, position, professional experience, weekly working hours, working overtime, and working shift (p < .01; p < .001). CONCLUSION: It was determined that the professional quality of life and work alienation levels of the healthcare professionals were slightly below the average and there was a very weak and negative relationship between them. Managers can improve the professional quality of life by implementing intervention programs in their work environment and decrease work alienation by assigning them to positions suitable to their values and beliefs.

Personality Traits of Nurse Managers and Evaluation of Their Traits by Their Subordinates.

AIM: To investigate personality traits (PT) of nurse managers (NM) and their subordinates' perceptions of these traits. METHODS: The study sample consisted of NM and nurses from a university hospital and a state hospital. The data were collected in September-October 2015. The study was conducted in two stages. During the first stage, a cross-sectional descriptive study was performed, and a 220-item "Five-Factor Personality Inventory" was administered to 20 NM. The second stage with 60 nurses was conducted through semi-structured interviews and results were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis. Evaluation was carried out using a qualitative method in a phenomenological research design, and the hermeneutic approach was adopted. The research was planned based on the 32-item checklist (COREQ), which is a guideline for qualitative studies. RESULTS: The Five-Factor Personality Inventory revealed that most of the NM defined themselves as responsible/determined, orderly, relaxed, outgoing, reconciliatory, rule-follower, or assertive. In addition, the nurse manger's mean score for the social desirability dimension of the inventory was quite high. The data analysis demonstrated that the clinical nurses mostly perceived the NM as softhearted, reconciliatory, and orderly, but rule-followers, and conservative. CONCLUSION: In this study, the high scores obtained by the NM, not only from the self-control/conscientiousness dimension but also from the social desirability dimension indicates that the clinical nurses perceived their managers as tender-minded, reconciliatory, orderly, and rule-followers.

Evaluating the Relationship Between Burnout Levels and Compassion Fatigue, Emotional Intelligence, and Communication Skills of Organ Transplant Coordinators.

AIM: The aim was to determine the effects of compassion fatigue, emotional intelligence levels, and communication skills of organ transplant coordinators on burnout. METHODS: This descriptive correlational study included 104 organ transplant coordinators. Data were collected via a survey that consisted of demographic information, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, the Emotional Intelligence Scale, and the Compassion Fatigue Scale. FINDINGS: A positive relationship was reported between burnout (mean, 39.42 [SD, 19.54]) and compassion fatigue (mean, 2.26 [SD, 0.86]) measurements of the organ transplant coordinators (r = 0.432) and a negative and significant relationship existed between burnout and emotional intelligence (mean, 3.53 [SD, 0.58]) measurements (r = -0.372). However, no correlation was found between communication skills (mean, 4.27 [SD, 0.52]) and burnout (r = -0.184; P > .05) except a negative correlation with client-related burnout measurements (r = -0.222; P < .05). As a result of the 2-step regression analysis, the regression-squared value predicted the joint effect of compassion fatigue and emotional intelligence on burnout (R2 = .285). CONCLUSIONS: Organ transplant coordinators reported moderate levels of burnout and compassion fatigue and high levels of emotional intelligence and communication skills. Compassion fatigue caused burnout, while emotional intelligence decreased. Additionally, transplant coordinators' communication skills were related to client-related burnout.

Under the same rainbow: A study on homophobia and discrimination among private sector health care professionals.

AIM: To determine the homophobic and discriminatory attitudes of health care professionals and associated factors in the private sector. BACKGROUND: Examining possible homophobic and discriminatory attitudes of health care professionals is very important to eliminate barriers such as access to and use of health services. METHOD: This descriptive and cross-sectional study included 626 health professionals in 20 private hospitals throughout Turkey. The data were collected in May 2020 using an online questionnaire containing the Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia Scale and the Discriminatory Attitudes Scale. RESULTS: Most of the health professionals (64.4%) said that they did not know any LGBTQ+ people, almost half (44.2%) had cared LGBTQ+ people before, and most (95.4%) said that they would be willing to care them. The health professionals' homophobia score was 3.60 (SD = 1.23), and their discrimination score was 2.10 (SD = 0.71). A positive relationship was found between their homophobia and discrimination scores(r = .642). Significant differences in their scale scores were found to be related to their personal and professional characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The homophobic attitudes of health professionals were above average and had a positive relationship with discriminatory attitudes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Private hospital administrators should plan initiatives and training programmes to improve health care professionals' attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people.

"I'm a hero, but ": An evaluation of depression, anxiety, and stress levels of frontline healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.

PURPOSE: It was aimed to evaluate depression, anxiety, stress symptoms of health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic and to reveal the risk factors. DESIGN AND METHODS: Four hundred and sixteen professionals participated in this study. Data were collected online by Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale. FINDINGS: A statistically significant, positive relationship was determined between professionals' perceptions of COVID-19 risk and scale scores. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The professionals involved in the struggle against the COVID-19 have high levels of depression, anxiety, stress. It is recommended to revise the content to enable individuals to increase skills in coping with similar situations and to take measures to protect their health.

A cross-sectional study of the determinants of missed nursing care in the private sector: Hospital/unit/staff characteristics, professional quality of life and work alienation.

AIM: To analyse missed nursing care in a sample of private hospitals. BACKGROUND: The nursing research on understanding and preventing missed nursing care, a critical element in omitted patient safety, is increasing. METHODS: This is a descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 897 nurses working in 25 private hospitals in Turkey through an online survey, which included an Introductory Information Form, MISSCARE Survey, Professional Quality of Life and Work Alienation Scales. RESULTS: The most frequently missed nursing care was ambulation, and the least was patient assessment. Measurements of the missed nursing care statistically differed in terms of nurses' gender, weekly work hours, overtime work and perception of nurse adequacy, and the hospital's accreditation status. There was a correlation between the missed nursing care and Powerlessness subscale of work alienation. CONCLUSION: Nurses missed less complex care more frequently, and long working hours and inadequacy of nurses increased missed care. There is no correlation between the professional quality of life and missed care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse managers should plan actions to reduce nursing workloads and the instances of missed nursing care. Furthermore, they should develop solutions to make nursing care meaningful and allow nurses to feel empowered.