ABSTRACT
To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, according to Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), and to relate them with molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The MRI findings were reviewed retrospectively in 201 women diagnosed of invasive breast cancer confirmed by surgery and were compared with the molecular subtypes. Following the BI-RADS, MRI findings included disease type, size, enhancement, morphology and contrast kinetics. In mass-like lesion types were studied shape, margin and enhancement, and in nonmass-like lesion types, distribution modifiers and internal enhancement. Chi-squared analysis showed significant association (p < 0.01) between molecular subtypes and lesion type on MRI and histologic grade. Shape, margin and mass enhancement (p < 0.05) also showed significant association among molecular subtypes. Triple negative were more frequently unifocal and mass-like lesion, high histologic grade, round shape, smooth margin, and rim enhancement. Luminal-A were more frequently low grade, mass-like lesion, irregular shape and spiculated or irregular margin. Luminal-B were more frequently moderate-low grade, mass-like lesion, nonirregular shape and spiculated margin. HER-2-enriched were more frequently moderate grade, nonmass-like lesion and multicentric lesions were more present than in other subtypes. There are significantly different MRI features, according to BI-RADS, between the molecular subtypes breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism , Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Chest X-ray is the imaging technique of choice for an initial study of pacemakers and implantable cardio-defibrillators (ICD). Radiologists have an important role in the evaluation of its initial placement and in the assessment during its follow-up. For this reason, it is necessary to know not only the different existing devices and its components but also the reasons of malfunction or possible complications. The purpose of this article is to do a systematic review of the different types of pacemakers and ICD. We review their usual radiological appearances, the possible complications which might take place and its causes of malfunctioning.
