ABSTRACT
Ecuador is a tropical country reporting Dengue virus (DENV) outbreaks with areas of hyperendemic viral transmission. Entomo-virological surveillance and monitoring effort conducted in the Northwestern border province of Esmeraldas in April 2022, five pools of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from a rural community tested positive for DENV serotype 2 by RT-qPCR. One pool was sequenced by Illumina MiSeq, and it corresponded to genotype III Southern Asian-American. Comparison with other genomes revealed genetic similarity to a human DENV genome sequenced in 2021, also from Esmeraldas. Potential introduction events to the country could have originated from Colombia, considering the vicinity of the collection sites to the neighboring country and high human movement. The inclusion of genomic information complements entomo-virological surveillance, providing valuable insights into genetic variants. This contribution enhances our understanding of Dengue virus (DENV) epidemiology in rural areas and guides evidence-based decisions for surveillance and interventions.
ABSTRACT
El tabaquismo constituye un problema de salud de gran magnitud a nivel mundial, y en Cuba muestra una tendencia al aumento de su incidencia, sobre todo, en las edades de la adolescencia. Se realizó un estudio de intervención en el Consultorio Médico No. 1 del Policlínico Universitario "René Vallejo Ortiz", del municipio Manzanillo, en el período comprendido de enero a julio del 2023, con el objetivo de evaluar el resultado de la aplicación de un programa de intervención educativa para disminuir los riesgos asociados al tabaquismo. El universo estuvo conformado por los 114 pacientes fumadores del área, seleccionada una muestra de 50 pacientes por muestreo aleatorio simple. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo, nivel educacional, edad de inicio del tabaquismo, enfermedades asociadas al hábito de fumar, nivel de conocimiento. En el estudio predominó el sexo masculino en las edades de 45 a 59 años, con nivel educacional secundaria terminada, se identificó la adolescencia como edad en la que comenzaron a fumar. La patología predominante asociada al tabaquismo fue la Hipertensión arterial. Con la aplicación del Programa educativo, se incrementó el nivel de conocimiento acerca de los riesgos del hábito de fumar y como disminuir los mismos, la mayoría de los pacientes se motivó hacia la deshabituación tabáquica, demostrándose el impacto positivo de la investigación en la comunidad estudiada.
Smoking constitutes a health problem of great magnitude worldwide, and in Cuba it shows a tendency to increase its incidence, especially in adolescence. An intervention study was carried out in the Medical Office No. 1 of the René Vallejo Ortiz University Polyclinic, in the municipality of Manzanillo, from January to July 2023, with the objective of evaluating the results of the application of an educational intervention program to reduce the risks associated with smoking. The universe consisted of 114 smoking patients in the area, with a sample of 50 patients selected by simple random sampling. The following variables were studied: age, sex, educational level, age of smoking onset, pathologies associated with smoking, level of knowledge. In the study, the predominant age group was male, between 45 and 59 years old, with secondary education level completed; adolescence was identified as the age at which they started smoking. The predominant pathology associated with smoking was arterial hypertension. With the application of the educational program, the level of knowledge about the risks of smoking and how to reduce them increased, most of the patients were motivated to quit smoking, demonstrating the positive impact of the research in the community studied.
O tabagismo é um problema de saúde de grande magnitude em todo o mundo, e em Cuba há uma tendência de aumentar sua incidência, especialmente na adolescência. Foi realizado um estudo de intervenção no Consultório Médico nº 1 da Policlínica Universitária "René Vallejo Ortiz", no município de Manzanillo, no período de janeiro a julho de 2023, com o objetivo de avaliar o resultado da aplicação de um programa de intervenção educativa para reduzir os riscos associados ao tabagismo. O universo foi composto por 114 pacientes fumantes na área, e uma amostra de 50 pacientes foi selecionada por amostragem aleatória simples. As seguintes variáveis foram estudadas: idade, sexo, escolaridade, idade de início do tabagismo, doenças associadas ao tabagismo e nível de conhecimento. No estudo, predominou o sexo masculino, com idade entre 45 e 59 anos, com ensino médio completo, e a adolescência foi identificada como a idade em que começaram a fumar. A patologia predominantemente associada ao tabagismo foi a hipertensão arterial. Com a aplicação do programa educativo, o nível de conhecimento sobre os riscos do tabagismo e como reduzi-los aumentou, a maioria dos pacientes foi motivada a parar de fumar, demonstrando o impacto positivo da pesquisa na comunidade estudada.
ABSTRACT
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer (CC). Ecuador has a high prevalence of cervical cancer, with more than 1600 new cases diagnosed annually. This study aimed to analyze oncogenes E6 and E7 of HPV16 in samples collected from women with cancerous and precancerous cervical lesions from the Ecuadorian coast. Twenty-nine women, including six with ASCUS, three with LSIL, thirteen with HSIL, and seven with Cacu, were analyzed. The most common SNPs were E6 350G or L83V (82.6%) and E6 145T/286A/289G/335T/350G or Q14H/F78Y/L83V (17.4%). Both variants are reported to be associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer in worldwide studies. In contrast, all E7 genes have conserved amino-acid positions. Phylogenetic trees showed the circulation of the D (26.1%) and A (73.9) lineages. The frequency of D was higher than that reported in other comparable studies in Ecuador and Latin America, and may be related to the ethnic composition of the studied populations. This study contributes to the characterization of the potential risk factors for cervical carcinogenesis associated with Ecuadorian women infected with HPV16.
Subject(s)
Oncogene Proteins, Viral , Papillomavirus Infections , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics , Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/genetics , Ecuador/epidemiology , Human Papillomavirus Viruses , Human papillomavirus 16/genetics , PhylogenyABSTRACT
Fundamento: las guías didácticas facilitan el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje y permiten la independencia cognitiva del estudiante. Objetivo: describir el diseño de guías didácticas para la clase práctica en la asignatura Introducción a la Clínica de segundo año de la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cualitativo en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Manzanillo de la provincia Granma durante el curso académico 2020-2021. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción, sistémico-estructural; y empíricos: la revisión documental y valoración por criterio de expertos. Resultados: se diseñaron ocho guías didácticas para la clase práctica en la asignatura Introducción a la Clínica, estructuradas en objetivos, habilidades, contenidos, preguntas de autoevaluación y bibliografía, a fin de organizar y facilitar el trabajo independiente del estudiante. Conclusiones: se consideraron acertadas, viables y factibles de ser aplicadas, por los expertos quienes tuvieron en cuenta sus fundamentos teóricos y organizativos. Son pertinentes al potenciar el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la asignatura.
Background: teaching guides facilitate the teaching-learning process and allow the student's cognitive independence. Objective: to describe the design of teaching guides for the practical class in the subject Introduction to the Clinic of the second year of the Medicine degree. Methods: a qualitative study was carried out at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Manzanillo in the Granma province during the 2020-2021 academic year. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction, systemic-structural; and empirical ones: documentary review and assessment by expert criteria. Results: eight teaching guides were designed for the practical class in the subject Introduction to the Clinic, structured in objectives, skills, contents, self-assessment questions and bibliography, in order to organize and facilitate the student's independent work. Conclusions: they were considered accurate, viable and feasible to be applied by the experts who took into account their theoretical and organizational foundations. They are relevant when enhancing the teaching-learning process of the subject.
Subject(s)
Teaching Materials , Program , Education, Medical , Knowledge Management , Material Resource ManagementABSTRACT
En este artículo se reseñan los aspectos más relevantes de la vida y obra del Dr. René CiriloVallejo Ortiz, paradigma de la medicina granmense que por su consagración como médico guerrillero y revolucionario deja a lo largo de la historia la imagen de un manzanillero abnegado, comprometido con su pueblo y la Revolución, no vaciló en dejar bienes ycomodidades para incorporarse a la lucha, salvó incontables vidas y se convirtió en un ejemplo de profesional para las nuevas generaciones.(AU)
In this article the most relevant aspects of the life and work of Dr. René Cirilo Vallejo Ortiz,paradigm of Medicine in Granma were described and because of his devotion as a physician, a fighter and a revolutionary, leaves along history the image of a sacrificed man from Manzanillo, engaged with his people and the Revolution, who did not vacillate in leavinggoods and commodities to incorporate himself to fight, saving uncountable lives, so, hebecame an example of professional for the new generations.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , History , Physicians/history , Military MedicineABSTRACT
Introducción: desde hace tres cursos, el Ministerio de Salud Pública decidió retomar la modalidad de internado vertical. La verticalización consiste en pasar el último año de la carrera vinculado a una especialidad, tiene un programa que se relaciona mucho con el contenido del primer año de la formación del especialista, por lo que una vez graduado, tiene la posibilidad de avanzar en su especialidad y concluirla en menor tiempo, sin que se afecte la calidad de su formación. Objetivo: mostrar los resultados del taller provincial para el seguimiento al internado vertical en la provincia Granma. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de corte cualitativo consistente en el análisis crítico de los programas mediante discusiones por comisiones de trabajo por especialidades centradas en la valoración del diseño por competencia. Resultados: se contó con la presencia de altos directivos de la Universidad, así como de los jefes de especialidades en las regiones Cauto y Golfo, se propuso presentar a la comisión nacional separar Medicina Intensiva y Emergencia del Adulto, Geriatría y Gerontología y Medicina Intensiva y Emergencia Pediátrica del tronco común Medicina Interna y Pediatría, mostrar el modelo de tarjetas de habilidades. Conclusiones: se presentó y aprobó el modelo de tarjetas de habilidades para todas las modalidades de internado vertical(AU)
Introduction: for three courses, the Ministry of Public Health decided to retake the modality of vertical boarding. The verticalization consists of passing the last year of the career linked to a specialty, has a program that is closely related to the content of the first year of specialist training, so once graduated, you have the possibility of advancing in your specialty and conclude it in a shorter time, without affecting the quality of their training. Objective: to show the results of the provincial workshop to follow up the vertical boarding school in the Granma province. Methods: a qualitative research was carried out consisting of the critical analysis of the programs through discussions by work commissions for specialties focused on the evaluation of the design by competition. Results: was attended by senior managers of the University, as well as the heads of specialties in the Cauto and Gulf regions, it was proposed to present to the national commission to separate Intensive Medicine and Adult mergency, Geriatrics and Gerontology and Intensive Medicine and Pediatric Emergency of the common trunk Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, show the card skills model. Conclusions: presented and approved the model of skills cards for all modalities of vertical boarding(EU)
