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1.
Rev Med Chil ; 150(3): 295-301, 2022 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36156713

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is an increase in HIV/AIDS transmission rates world-wide Aim: To explore obstacles and facilitators in the use of barrier methods for the prevention of HIV/AIDS among Chilean young people between 20 and 29 years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the second semester of the year 2020, 134 young Chileans answered an online questionnaire with open-ended questions about barrier methods. A qualitative methodology that considered the main techniques of grounded theory for data analysis was used. RESULTS: There are individual, interpersonal, sociocultural, and structural factors that operate as obstacles and facilitators for the use of barrier methods to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSIONS: There are culturally embedded beliefs among young people, such as, a perception of invulnerability caused by not being part of risk groups, among others, that affect self-care.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV Infections , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Adolescent , Chile , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Humans , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 150(3): 295-301, mar. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409815

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is an increase in HIV/AIDS transmission rates world-wide Aim: To explore obstacles and facilitators in the use of barrier methods for the prevention of HIV/AIDS among Chilean young people between 20 and 29 years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the second semester of the year 2020, 134 young Chileans answered an online questionnaire with open-ended questions about barrier methods. A qualitative methodology that considered the main techniques of grounded theory for data analysis was used. Results: There are individual, interpersonal, sociocultural, and structural factors that operate as obstacles and facilitators for the use of barrier methods to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSIONS: There are culturally embedded beliefs among young people, such as, a perception of invulnerability caused by not being part of risk groups, among others, that affect self-care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Chile , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors
3.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 42(1): 70-76, Mar. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-745599

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCD) increase the presence of risk factors (RF) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young people. Objective: To analyze the relation among the nutritional status (NS), physical activity (PA) and the prevalence of cardiovascular RF in students from Santo Tomas University in Temuco enrolled in year 2010. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out; 177 out of 348 students of both genders were chosen as the sample, 32.2% males and 68.8 % females. The age ranged between 18 and 25 years old. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, blood samples, PA surveys and obesity backgrounds were taken. The study outcomes helped to estimate the NS, the practice of PA, the prevalence of the different RF. Outcomes: The study showed that the 34.5% of the students present malnutrition by excess, 70.6% are sedentary, and a 9.6% is at risk of CVD by presence of metabolic syndrome (MS). The risk by abdominal obesity reached 53.1%. Parameters which showed significant differences were HDL cholesterol lowered in active students (p= 0.027). When the PA together with BMI variables, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, glycaemia and blood pressure were analyzed, no significant differences were observed. Conclusions: A high prevalence of malnutrition by excess, for being sedentary and RF of CVD was present with a predominance in female students.


Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) incrementan la presencia de factores de riesgo (FR) de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) en jóvenes. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre estado nutricional (EN), actividad física (AF) y prevalencia de FR cardiovascular en estudiantes de la Universidad Santo Tomás sede Temuco, ingreso 2010. Sujetos y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal; de un total de 348 estudiantes, se obtuvo una muestra de 177 sujetos, de los cuales 32,2% correspondió a hombres y 68,8% a mujeres, la edad fluctuó entre 18 y 25 años. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, de presión arterial, muestras sanguíneas, encuestas de AF y antecedentes de morbilidad. Los resultados permitieron estimar el EN, la práctica de AF y la prevalencia de los distintos FR. Resultados: El estudio reveló que 34,5% de los estudiantes presentaban tiene malnutrición por exceso, 70,6% eran sedentarios y 9,6% tenían riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular por presencia de Síndrome Metabólico (SM); mientras, el riesgo por obesidad abdominal fue de 53,1%. Los parámetros que evidenciaron diferencias significativas fueron el colesterol HDL que se mostró disminuido en los estudiantes activos (p= 0,016) y el colesterol total, que se observó levemente aumentado en los sedentarios (p= 0,027). Al analizar la AF con las variables IMC, triglicéridos, colesterol LDL, glicemia y presión arterial, no se observaron diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: Se observó alta prevalencia de malnutrición por exceso, sedentarismo y factor de riesgo de ECV con predominio en las mujeres.


Subject(s)
Adult , Students , Cardiovascular Diseases , Exercise , Nutritional Status , Universities , Obesity , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Risk Factors
4.
Santiago de Chile; Universisdad de Chile. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Salud Pública \"Dr. Salvador Allende G\"; 2009. 76 p. tab.
Monography in Spanish | MINSALCHILE | ID: biblio-1544022
5.
J Phys Chem B ; 109(39): 18483-90, 2005 Oct 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16853380

ABSTRACT

Nanocrystalline TiO2 films, surface modified with Al3+, were manufactured by depositing a TiO2 suspension containing small amounts of aluminum nitrate or aluminum chloride onto conducting glass substrates, followed by drying, compression, and finally heating to 530 degrees C. Electrodes prepared with TiO2 nanoparticles coated with less than 0.3 wt % aluminum oxide with respect to TiO2 improved the efficiency of the dye sensitized solar cell. This amount corresponds to less than a monolayer of aluminum oxide. Thus, the Al ions terminate the TiO2 surface rather than form a distinct aluminum oxide layer. The aluminum ion surface treatment affects the solar cell in different ways: the potential of the conduction band is shifted, the electron lifetime is increased, and the electron transport is slower when aluminum ions are present between interconnected TiO2 particles.

6.
Int J Dermatol ; 36(11): 826-30, 1997 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9427074

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The effect of health education provided by teachers, in three primary schools of Guerrero, Mexico, on the prevalence of head louse infestation was compared. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey and rapid appraisal methods were performed, including a child questionnaire and qualitative data from teachers and focus groups of mothers in the same schools. RESULTS: Nine hundred and forty-four students and 33 teachers were interviewed; a focus group discussion with 6-8 mothers per school was performed. In the self-diagnosis of pediculosis, the prevalence was 22% (range, 18%-33%) with a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 86%. In one school, 100% of the teachers applied a health program, whereas in the other two schools this percentage was only 20%. A child under 9 years of age who attended a school without information on health was 3.6 times more likely to have head louse infestation (OR = 3.6, CI 95% = 2.1-6) than a child of the same age who attended a school where information was given. In older children the effect and potential impact were lower. The difference between the two age groups is unlikely to be explained by chance (X2 het = 5.7, df = 1, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes the potential value of simple, but effective, health education provided by school teaching staff through liaison with patents in the amelioration of endemic disease.


Subject(s)
School Health Services , Skin Diseases/prevention & control , Skin Diseases/parasitology , Teaching , Adolescent , Adult , Child , DDT/therapeutic use , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Female , Health Education , Humans , Insecticides/therapeutic use , Lice Infestations/epidemiology , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Lice Infestations/transmission , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Mothers , Pilot Projects , Prevalence , Scalp Dermatoses/parasitology , Scalp Dermatoses/prevention & control , Scalp Dermatoses/therapy , Skin Diseases/epidemiology
7.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 23(2): 133-139, ago. 1995. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-328844

ABSTRACT

Se adelanto un trabajo prospectivo en 24 adultos de Bogota, para evaluar la población microbiana causante de faringoamigdalitisy sinusitis y valorar, además, el resultado terapeutico con la miocamicina, un nuevo macrolido. Los resultados mostraron una disminución en la sintomatologia de ambos grupos con resolución del cuadro clinico de un 100 por ciento en los pacientes de faringo-amigdalitis y de un 93.8 por ciento en el de sinusitis. El informe microbiologico mostro que en el 44 por ciento de los pacientes con faringoamigdalitis y en un 53 por ciento de los de sinusitis, el cultivo evidencio más de un germen. El germen que más se aislo fue el Staphylococcus aureus y en menor proporción formas de Klebsiella y Brahamanella (Moraxella) catharralis. La valoración del tratamiento fue considerada entre eficaz y muy eficaz en el 95.8 por ciento para el grupo total, 100 por ciento para el grupo total, 100 por ciento para el grupo con faringo-amigdalitis y 93.8 por ciento para el grupo de sinusitis


Subject(s)
Respiratory Tract Infections
10.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 47(3): 160-6, 1982.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-12379

ABSTRACT

1. La prueba de estimulacion acustica fetal, PA, es un metodo de monitoreo fetal de facil aplicacion e interpretacion, que concuerda con la POX tanto para indicar estado critico como bienestar fetal. 2. El registro basal de frecuencia cardiaca fetal, RB, resulto menos fidedigno que la PA para establecer el estado fetal, que requiere menos tiempo para su realizacion que el RB, y, no siendo necesaria la presencia de contractibilidad uterina, es aplicabe en determinadas patologias (placenta previa, portadora de histerorrafia, presentacion de tronco) en que el RB es de riesgo. 3. Por las ventajas de la PA con respecto al RB (fidelidad y tiempo de ejecucion) hace conveniente su uso rutinario.Sin embargo, no siendo excluyentes, se sugiere realizar ambos metodos hasta que una mayor experiencia permita recomendar a uno u otro


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Female , Acoustic Stimulation , Fetal Heart , Fetal Monitoring , Heart Rate
20.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 5(3): 375-82, jun.-30-1966. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-10765

ABSTRACT

Se hace una revisión de la literatura en cuanto a los distintos procederes quirúrgicos utilizados en el manejo del síndrome postflebítico, llegándose previamente a la conclusión de que el único tratamiento racional es el quirúrgico. Se hace una clasificación fisiopatológica de los tratamientos quirúrgicos usados. Se concluye que no es posible la utilización de un solo proceder ya que los métodos más avalados por la experiencia no pueden ser utilizados en todos los casos. La conducta a seguir está determinada por cada caso particular y el resultado obtenido evidentemente está en relación con la experiencia acumulada previamente. Se hace una revisión estadística de 19 casos tratados por los distintos procederes y se enuncian los resultados obtenidos (AU)


Subject(s)
Leg Ulcer/surgery
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