Identity development and adjustment during emerging adulthood from a gender perspective.

Identity development is a key task during emerging adulthood. The goals of the present study are to validate the Spanish version of the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) and to explore the relationship between identity dimensions and adjustment (flourishing and distress), from a gender perspective. The sample comprised 1502 Spanish university students (60.1% women). The results reveal that the DIDS is valid in the Spanish context and that significant gender differences were observed in some dimensions of identity development, with men scoring higher for identification with commitment and women scoring higher for exploration in depth and ruminative exploration. Finally, both dimensions of commitment and ruminative exploration had a stronger effect on men's than on women's adjustment, suggesting that the integration of the self has more impact on men's outcomes than on women's. These findings highlight the need to include the gender perspective in all future research in order to gain deeper insight into the relationship between the identity development process and adjustment during emerging adulthood.

Influencia de las relaciones familiares en la presencia de sintomatología clínica durante la adultez emergente / Influence of family relationships on the presence of clinical symptoms during emerging adulthood

La relación entre familia y salud mental ha sido uno de los focos de estudio clave en las investigaciones sobre adultez emergente de la última década. En el presente estudio se analizó la relación entre variables de funcionamiento familiar y la presencia de síntomas clínicos de depresión, ansiedad y estrés durante la adultez emergente en España. Este estudio contó con un diseño transversal y una muestra de 1502 estudiantes de 18-29 años (M= 20,32; DT= 2,13) de dos universidades españolas, que fueron evaluados a través de cuestionarios en papel. Los resultados indican que altos niveles de implicación, cariño y apoyo parental se relacionan con una menor sintomatología clínica, mientras que el control psicológico se relaciona con una mayor sintomatología. Estos hallazgos demuestran la relación que existe entre el funcionamiento familiar y la presencia de síntomas clínicos, así como el papel protector -o de riesgo- que siguen teniendo las relaciones familiares durante esta etapa. (AU)

Overview of Thigh and Leg Anatomical and Sonographic Landmarks in Rheumatic Patients.

Musculoskeletal ultrasound has become a practical and accessible diagnostic tool for musculoskeletal diseases. It is used to examine joints, tendons, vessels, and nerves due to its wide availability in rheumatology practice. Ultrasound has also been applied for years in other areas such as muscular injuries in sports activities and rheumatic diseases with inflammation such as myositis. The knowledge among rheumatologists about muscle ultrasound is increasingly growing taking into account it is not the main target of their ultrasound activity but mainly based on the evaluation of joint, synovitis, tenosynovitis, vasculitis in giant cell arteritis, and parotid gland evaluation in Sjögren´s syndrome. Thus, the present review describes anatomical and ultrasound findings including all muscles of the thigh (anterior, posterior, medial aspects) and leg (anterior, lateral, posterior superficial, deep posterior compartments) of lower limb structures to ease a comprehensive clinical and sonographic evaluation.

Perfil de mortalidad por COVID-19, en el municipio de El Alto entre los meses de enero y diciembre de 2020 / Mortality profile from COVID-19, in the municipality of El Alto between the months from january to december 2020

Objetivo: determinar el perfil de la mortalidad por COVID-19 en el municipio de El Alto en la gestión 2020. Metodología: El presente trabajo de investigación es un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, retrospectivo, descriptivo y de corte transversal, porque recopila la información de las defunciones producidas por COVID-19 en el municipio de El Alto en la gestión 2020. Para este fin se logró tener acceso a la información de 448 personas fallecidas. Resultados: Se realizo el cálculo de las tasas de mortalidad general y especifica. Para el análisis de los datos estadísticos se utilizó gráficas y tablas de frecuencia en el siguiente detalle distribución de los casos de mortalidad por COVID-19 por edad, esperanza de vida al nacer; índice de masculinidad, para todas las variables sociodemográficas y la distribución de los casos de defunción hospitalaria. Conclusiones: La investigación permitió inventariar 448 defunciones por COVID-19 en la gestión 2020, las mismas que fueron registradas en el sistema de Administración de hechos vitales S.I.A.H.V. que es la herramienta orientada al registro, análisis y distribución de la tendencia de la mortalidad en Bolivia.

Empirical Determination of Transitory and Persistent Delinquency in Chilean Youth: Validation of the Criminal Engagement Severity Scale "EGED".

Evidence from several longitudinal studies has established the relevance of the approach of evolutionary criminology to understanding and intervening with adolescent criminal offenders, seeking to halt the criminal behavior before its potential consolidation in adulthood. The aim of this study is to present the psychometric properties of the Criminal Engagement Severity Scale (EGED) to discriminate between transitory and persistent delinquency in Chilean adolescents of both sexes. The characteristics of the sample are revealed through descriptive analyses, and evidence of validity and reliability is provided that show its discriminant capacity using ROC curves and odds ratios, measures of internal consistency (Cronbach's α and McDonald's Ω), intraclass correlation, and unidimensional statistics. The results indicate that the EGED adequately discriminates between transitory and persistent delinquency, so that its use in contexts of assessment and intervention with adolescent criminal offenders can be recommended, because it helps to determine the intensity of the intervention required.

Examining the Factor Structure of a Risk Assessment Inventory in Young Offenders: FER-R, Risk and Resource Assessment Form.

The FER-R, Risk and Resource Assessment Form, is a multidimensional inventory of structured professional judgment that assesses criminogenic risks and resources for the design and management of individualized intervention plans with criminally sanctioned adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the FER-R, reviewing its factorial structure to contribute evidence of convergent and discriminant construct validity in a sample of adolescents sentenced for crimes in Chile. For each domain (risks and resources) with its respective facets, a unidimensional bifactor structure (CFA-BF) was obtained, with adequate indices of fit that confirmed its construct validity, while the convergent validity was demonstrated with the YLS/CMI and the divergent validity with two MACI scales. The FER-R adds factorial validity to the evidence of the previously reported predictive validity, making it a robust inventory for the evaluation of young offenders, and a relevant tool to manage differentiated interventions in Chile, with a high potential for use in Latin America. The importance of finding a suitable balance in assessing risks and protective factors is discussed, in order to manage interventions adjusted to the needs of the adolescents to promote their criminal desistance.

Interobserver reliability of Masei index validation by a multicenter collaborative group of rheumatologists.

MASEI is the main validated ultrasound score for the evaluation of enthesis. The lack of studies facing the agreement to achieve for the interpretation of the MAdrid Sonographic Enthesis Index (MASEI) among researchers from different centers in multicenter studies is of concern. The aim of this multicenter was to evaluate the interobserver reliability of MASEI. An experienced ultrasonographer-rheumatologist performed ultrasound scans of the areas included in MASEI index in three patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Psoriatic Arthritis. Videos were captured. The videos were then evaluated by 24 rheumatologists of the ultrasound working group of the Catalan Society of Rheumatology (EcoCAT). A face-to-face training meeting was held. Ten days after the workshop, the study participants evaluated the videos. A reliability assessment was performed. The ICC for the MASEI scores after the workshop was of 0.97 (95% CI 89-99). Reliability did not vary statistically with examiner experience. Globally, no problems of reliability by structures were seen, and all the ICCs were above 0.90 and improved slightly after the educational program. However, the correlation observed between examiners at plantar aponeursis and triceps tendon was weak. The small variability observed in the results of the index validation in our study, suggests that the MASEI index is reproducible by different observers when those are well trained and show awesome results of the enthesis when examined by ultrasound.

Synaptic targets of photoreceptors specialized to detect color and skylight polarization in Drosophila.

Color and polarization provide complementary information about the world and are detected by specialized photoreceptors. However, the downstream neural circuits that process these distinct modalities are incompletely understood in any animal. Using electron microscopy, we have systematically reconstructed the synaptic targets of the photoreceptors specialized to detect color and skylight polarization in Drosophila, and we have used light microscopy to confirm many of our findings. We identified known and novel downstream targets that are selective for different wavelengths or polarized light, and followed their projections to other areas in the optic lobes and the central brain. Our results revealed many synapses along the photoreceptor axons between brain regions, new pathways in the optic lobes, and spatially segregated projections to central brain regions. Strikingly, photoreceptors in the polarization-sensitive dorsal rim area target fewer cell types, and lack strong connections to the lobula, a neuropil involved in color processing. Our reconstruction identifies shared wiring and modality-specific specializations for color and polarization vision, and provides a comprehensive view of the first steps of the pathways processing color and polarized light inputs.

Changes in shoulder outcomes using ultrasonographic assessment of breast cancer survivors: a prospective longitudinal study with 6-month follow-up.

This study aimed to describe changes in supraspinatus tendon thickness, acromiohumeral distance, and the presence of fluid in the subacromial bursa as measured by ultrasound, as well as shoulder range of motion and strength, perceived shoulder disability, and health-related quality of life in women before and after breast cancer treatment. Women who underwent surgery for unilateral breast cancer who did not suffer from shoulder pain or difficulty performing activities of daily living in the 6 months prior to surgery were included. One pre-surgical (A0) and three post-surgical assessments at 7-10 days (A1), 3 months (A2), and 6 months (A3) after surgery were carried out. The thickness of the supraspinatus tendon on the affected side decreased between post-surgical (A1) and 6-month (A3) follow-up assessments (p = 0.029), although the minimal detectable change was not reached. The active range of motion of the affected shoulder decreased after surgery. Strength changes were observed in both shoulders after surgery. The intensity of shoulder pain increased between post-surgical and 6-month follow-up assessments. Shoulder function was decreased at the post-surgical assessment and increased throughout the follow-ups. Health-related quality of life declined after surgery. A trend of decreasing thickness of the supraspinatus tendon of the affected shoulder was observed. Detecting these possible structural changes early would allow for early or preventive treatment.

Giant pes anserinus bursitis: A rare soft tissue mass of the medial knee / Bursitis gigante de la pata de ganso: Una masa de partes blandas infrecuente de la rodilla medial

Bursae are small, jelly-like sacs that are located throughout the body, mainly around the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and heel in a number over 150. They contain a small amount of fluid, and are positioned between bones and soft tissues, acting as cushions to help reduce friction. Pes anserinus bursae, despite being clinically frequent, are not visible either by ultrasound (US) or magnetic resonance image (MRI). In some cases, we may observe a small fluid collection. The present case-report demonstrates the full clinical picture of a giant pes anserinus bursae beginning from clinical observation to its final pathology exam.(AU)

Las bursas son estructuras saculares gelatinosas distribuidas por todo el cuerpo; hombro, codo, cuerpo, cadera, rodilla y tobillo. Existen más de 150 y son fisiológicas. Contienen fluido y su función es protectora, evitando la fricción entre estructuras como huesos, tendones y ligamentos. La bursa anserina, a pesar de ser clínicamente frecuente, normalmente no es visible, ni mediante ecografía, ni mediante resonancia magnética. En algunos casos puede tener una pequeña colección líquida. El presente caso muestra toda la evolución de una bursa anserina gigante desde el inicio de la observación clínica, hasta su análisis anatomopatológico.(AU)

Giant pes anserinus bursitis: A rare soft tissue mass of the medial knee.

Bursae are small, jelly-like sacs that are located throughout the body, mainly around the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and heel in a number over 150. They contain a small amount of fluid, and are positioned between bones and soft tissues, acting as cushions to help reduce friction. Pes anserinus bursae, despite being clinically frequent, are not visible either by ultrasound (US) or magnetic resonance image (MRI). In some cases, we may observe a small fluid collection. The present case-report demonstrates the full clinical picture of a giant pes anserinus bursae beginning from clinical observation to its final pathology exam.

Progression of Large Vessel Disease in Patients With Giant Cell Arteritis-Associated Ischemic Stroke: The Role of Vascular Imaging: A Case Series.

OBJECTIVE: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) can cause ischemic stroke (IS) due to the involvement of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. The aim of our study is to describe the pattern of stroke recurrence in patients with GCA-related IS and the role of vascular imaging in the follow-up of these patients. METHODS: We conducted an observational study of 2417 consecutive patients diagnosed with IS and admitted to our hospital from January 2012 to December 2018. We reviewed patients with GCA-related IS and the relationship of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, vascular status, and clinical course. RESULTS: We found 4 patients with GCA-related IS among 2417 IS patients: 1 woman (25%); median age, 77.3 years (67-85 years). Mean follow-up was 3.6 years. Initial vascular workup showed vertebral artery stenosis in all of them and internal carotid artery stenosis in 2 patients. All patients were started on treatment with full-dose prednisone, associated with methotrexate in 2 cases. Follow-up color-coded duplex sonography disclosed progression of arterial stenoses in 3 patients who suffered a recurrent IS (days after index stroke; mean, 27.67 [SD, 10.97]) despite normal C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular imaging, especially with color-coded duplex sonography, could play a role in the follow-up of patients with GCA-related IS and identify those patients with higher risk of recurrent stroke.

Ecografía Doppler de arterias temporales superficiales en la arteritis de células gigantes en una cohorte con alta sospecha clínica / Doppler ultrasonography of superficial temporal artery in a cohort of patients with strong clinical suspicion of giant cell arteritis

Fundamento y objetivo: La arteritis de células gigantes (ACG) es la vasculitis sistémica más frecuente en adultos. En los últimos años, existe un interés creciente en evaluar la utilidad de la ecografía de arterias temporales superficiales (EATS), que permite valorar la inflamación de la pared vascular. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte observacional y descriptivo de 120 EATS a 60 pacientes con sospecha clínica de ACG según criterios clásicos de ACR (American College of Rheumatology). Resultados: De todos los pacientes a quienes se les realizó la EATS, el 42,3% presentó diagnóstico de ACG según los criterios de clasificación ACR. La sensibilidad y la especificidad de la ecografía en nuestra cohorte de pacientes con alta sospecha clínica fueron de 81,8 y 93,3%, respectivamente, con un VPP de 90,1% y un VPN de 87,5%. Conclusión: Los resultados avalan la ecografía de arteria temporal bilateral como una técnica útil, indolora, rápida, accesible, de alta especificidad y amplia validez diagnóstica

Background and objective: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most frequent systemic vasculitis in adults. In recent years, the usefulness of temporal artery ultrasound (TAUS) as a diagnostic tool to assess the underlying inflammation of the vascular wall during the inflammatory process has been under clinical investigation. Material and methods: Observational and descriptive cohort study of 120 TAUS in 60 patients with clinical suspicions of GCA, according to the ACR (American College of Rheumatology) classification criteria. Results: Among all patients who underwent ultrasound, 42.3% met clinical criteria for GCA according to ACR. Sensitivity and specificity of TAUS in our cohort with clinical suspicion was 81.8% and 93.3%, respectively. A PPV of 90.1% and a VPN of 87.5% were observed. Conclusion: Our results showed that TAUS as a useful, indolent, fast, and accessible tool with high diagnostic specificity and diagnostic value

Doppler ultrasonography of superficial temporal artery in a cohort of patients with strong clinical suspicion of giant cell arteritis. / Ecografía Doppler de arterias temporales superficiales en la arteritis de células gigantes en una cohorte con alta sospecha clínica.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most frequent systemic vasculitis in adults. In recent years, the usefulness of temporal artery ultrasound (TAUS) as a diagnostic tool to assess the underlying inflammation of the vascular wall during the inflammatory process has been under clinical investigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational and descriptive cohort study of 120 TAUS in 60 patients with clinical suspicions of GCA, according to the ACR (American College of Rheumatology) classification criteria. RESULTS: Among all patients who underwent ultrasound, 42.3% met clinical criteria for GCA according to ACR. Sensitivity and specificity of TAUS in our cohort with clinical suspicion was 81.8% and 93.3%, respectively. A PPV of 90.1% and a VPN of 87.5% were observed. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that TAUS as a useful, indolent, fast, and accessible tool with high diagnostic specificity and diagnostic value.

Ultrasound Evaluation of the Abdominal Wall and Lumbar Multifidus Muscles in Participants Who Practice Pilates: A 1-year Follow-up Case Series.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe ultrasound (US) changes in muscle thickness produced during automatic activation of the transversus abdominis (TrAb), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and rectus abdominis (RA), as well as the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lumbar multifidus (LM), after 1 year of Pilates practice. METHODS: A 1-year follow-up case series study with a convenience sample of 17 participants was performed. Indeed, TrAb, IO, EO, and RA thickness, as well as LM CSA changes during automatic tests were measured by US scanning before and after 1 year of Pilates practice twice per week. Furthermore, quality of life changes using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and US measurement comparisons of participants who practiced exercises other than Pilates were described. RESULTS: Statistically significant changes were observed for the RA muscle thickness reduction during the active straight leg raise test (P = .007). Participants who practiced other exercises presented a larger LM CSA and IO thickness, which was statistically significant (P < .05). Statistically significant changes were not observed for the domains of the analyzed 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (P > .05). A direct moderate correlation was observed (r = 0.562, P = .019) between the TrAb thickness before and after a 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term Pilates practice may reduce the RA thickness automatic activation during active straight leg raise. Furthermore, LM CSA and IO thickness increases were observed in participants who practice other exercise types in conjunction with Pilates. Despite a moderate positive correlation observed for TrAb thickness, the quality of life did not seem to be modified after long-term Pilates practice.

Draft genome sequence of Janthinobacterium lividum strain MTR reveals its mechanism of capnophilic behavior.

Janthinobacterium lividum is a Gram-negative bacterium able to produce violacein, a pigment with antimicrobial and antitumor properties. Janthinobacterium lividum colonizes the skin of some amphibians and confers protection against fungal pathogens. The mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. In order to identify the advantages for the bacterium to colonize amphibian skin we sequenced Janthinobacterium lividum strain MTR, a strain isolated from Cajón del Maipo, Chile. The strain has capnophilic behavior, with growth favored by high concentrations (5 %) of carbon dioxide. Its genome is 6,535,606 bp in size, with 5,362 coding sequences and a G + C content of 62.37 %. The presence of genes encoding for products that participate in the carbon fixation pathways (dark CAM pathways), and the entire set of genes encoding for the enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle may explain the capnophilic behavior and allow us to propose that the CO2 secreted by the skin of amphibians is the signal molecule that guides colonization by Janthinobacterium lividum.