Calidad de vida en el paciente adulto con cáncer / Quality of life in the adult cancer patient

Objetivo principal: evaluar el efecto de la enfermedad en la calidad de vida del adulto con cáncer. Metodología: estudio observacional analítico, la población estuvo conformada por 60 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer. Se diseñó un instrumento de recolección con datos sociodemográficos y clínicos y se utilizó la escala EORTC QLQ C-30. Resultados principales: de los pacientes, el 51,7% eran de sexo masculino, el 55% de los pacientes tenían tumores sólidos y el 45 % tenían un diagnóstico de cáncer hematológico. El promedio del estado global de salud del cuestionario EORTC QLQ-C30 de la población fue de 67 ± 20,2. Conclusión: las enfermedades oncológicas cambian significativamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes, especialmente en términos de salud global, función social y de rol. Por lo que se destaca la importancia de abordar no solo estas dimensiones, sino también síntomas como la toxicidad financiera.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the effect of the disease on the quality of life of adults with cancer. Methods: analytical observational study, the population consisted of 60 patients diagnosed with cancer. A collection instrument was designed with sociodemographic and clinical data and the EORTC QLQ C-30 scale was used. Results: of the patients, 51.7% were male, 55% of the patients had solid tumors and 45% had a diagnosis of hematological cancer. The mean global health status of the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire of the population was 67 ± 20.2. Conclusions: Oncologic diseases significantly change patients' quality of life, especially in terms of overall health, social function and role. Therefore, the importance of addressing not only these dimensions, but also symptoms such as financial toxicity is highlighted.(AU)

Malaria prevalence in Commune 5 in Tumaco (Nariño, Colombia).

Background Urban malaria is a public health problem in Colombia and there is still lack of knowledge about its epidemiological characteristics, which are key to the implementation of control measures. The presence of urban malaria cases and disease diagnosis are some of the challenges faced by malaria elimination programs. The objective of this research was to estimate malaria prevalence, explore associated factors and detect pfhrp 2/3 genes, in the urban area of Tumaco between July and December 2019. Methods A prevalence study was conducted by using a stratified random probability sample. Structured surveys were administered and blood samples were taken and examined through optical microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A logistic regression model was used to explore associated factors. Results 1,504 people living in 526 households were surveyed. The overall prevalence was 2.97% (95% CI: 2.1 - 4.3%). It was higher in males, in the 10-19 age group and in asymptomatic cases. The prevalence of pfhrp2 amplification was 2.16% (95% CI: 1.6 - 2.9%). Households with three or more people had a higher risk of malaria infection (adjusted odds ratio (ORa) 4.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.57-10.43). All cases were due to P. falciparum. Conclusions The prevalence of urban malaria was low. Strategies to eliminate malaria in urban areas should be adjusted considering access to early diagnosis, asymptomatic infection, and the RDTs used to detect the presence of the pfhrp2 gene.

Papel de la Nogina en obesidad: potencial biomarcador? / Noggin's role in obesity: Biomarker potential?

La obesidad es una enfermedad multifactorial resultado de la interacción entre factores genéticos, conductuales y ambientales que pueden influir en la respuesta individual a los hábitos alimenticios y de ejercicio físico. Su prevalencia ha aumentado dramáticamente durante la última década convirtiéndose en un problema de salud pública porque se asocia a patologías como diabetes tipo II, daño cardiovascular, hiperlipidemias y cáncer, que afectan a ambos sexos, todas las edades y todos los grupos étnicos. Actualmente, es la enfermedad metabólica más prevalente en los países desarrollados. Hay muchos loci y varios genes que se han asociado con la predisposición a la obesidad, a la delgadez, y al desarrollo de la obesidad y se clasifican según su expresión en diferentes etapas de esta condición, como inicio temprano, predisposición a la obesidad, inicio tardío, obesidad severa (mórbida). En este artículo se revisa el papel potencial del gen Nogina en la adipogénesis y los posibles mecanismos o vías de señalización en los que este gen interviene para conducir a la obesidad

Obesity is a multifactorial disease resulting from the interaction between genetic, behavioral and environmental factors that can influence the individual response to eating and exercise habits. Its prevalence has increased drastically in the last decade, becoming a public health problem because is associated with diseases such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular damage, hyperlipidemias and cancer, which affect both sexes, all ages and all ethnic groups. Currently, it is the most prevalent metabolic disease in developed countries. There are many loci and several genes that have been associated with the predisposition for obesity and thinness, obesity development and classified according to their expression in different stages of this condition, such as in early onset, predisposition to obesity, late onset, severe obesity (morbid). In this article I review the potential role of the Noggin gene in adipogenesis and the possible mechanisms or signaling pathways in which this gene intervenes to lead to obesity

Mechanical and non-mechanical orthodontic procedures in relapse and retention: scoping review / Procedimientos ortodónticos mecánicos y no mecánicos en recidiva y retención: revisión de cobertura temática

Abstract Introduction: stability after orthodontic treatment is an important goal for orthodontists. This issue has been highly important in orthodontics, so its progress and content require constant analysis. Methods: a panoramic and analytical review of citations and keywords from Web of Science helped create a body of information on the current advances in research on this field. Results: several fields of research arise from the analysis, dealing with surgery as an approach, molecular concepts, orthodontists' experiences in professional practice, and the use of lasers and other applications. Conclusions: information on relapse and retention within orthodontics is still valid and requires further research on current issues to understand this complex phenomenon for both academia and clinical use.

Resumen Introducción: la estabilidad postortodóncica es uno de los objetivos que persigue el ortodoncista. Esta temática siempre ha tenido una importancia relevante en la ortodoncia y requiere continuo análisis de sus avances y contenidos. Métodos: mediante una revisión panorámica y analítica de citas y palabras clave desde Web of Science, se establece un cuerpo de información con base en el cual se plantea el avance actual de la investigación en este campo. Resultados: en el análisis emergen varios campos de investigación que tienen que ver con la cirugía como medio de abordaje, los conceptos moleculares, las experiencias de los ortodoncistas en la práctica profesional y el uso de láser y otras aplicaciones. Conclusiones: dentro de la ortodoncia, la información sobre recidiva y retención sigue vigente e invita a la construcción de trabajos en relación con las temáticas actuales para comprender este fenómeno complejo no solo para la academia, sino además para su utilidad clínica.

Importancia, definición y conflictos de la autoría en publicaciones científicas / Importance, definition and conflicts of authorship in scientific publications / Importância, definição e conflitos da autoria em publicações científicas

Resumen Definir la autoría en artículos y documentos científicos es un proceso esencial y complejo, que encierra subjetividad y depende de convenios establecidos en general de palabra, lo que puede ocasionar conflictos entre los investigadores. Se han publicado algunas guías con lineamientos generales para mejorar esta práctica, sin embargo son pocos los procedimientos cuantitativos para precisar autoría y coautoría de un escrito científico, y no hay consenso para definir los autores y el orden en que deben aparecer. Con este artículo intentamos rescatar algunos criterios y consideraciones para determinar el listado de autores en textos científicos.

Abstract Defining authorship in scientific articles and documents is an essential and complex process that involves subjectivity and depends on largely informal agreements, which may cause conflict among researchers. Although some guidelines have been published to improve this practice, there are few quantitative procedures in the literature to specify authorship and co-authorship of a scientific paper, and there is no consensus on the definition of authors and the order in which they should be listed. With this article we try to review a few criteria and considerations for determining author lists in scientific articles.

Resumo Definir a autoria de artigos e documentos científicos é um processo essencial e complexo, que envolve subjetividade e depende de acordos quase sempre informais, o que pode causar conflitos entre pesquisadores. Algumas diretrizes foram publicadas para aperfeiçoar esta prática, mas ainda são poucos os procedimentos quantitativos para estabelecer a autoria e a coautoria de textos científicos, e não há consenso para definir os autores e a ordem em que devem aparecer. Com este artigo, visamos recapitular alguns critérios e considerações para determinar a ordem de autoria em artigos científicos.

Síndrome de Zika congénito en la Argentina: presentación de dos casos clínicos / Congenital Zika syndrome in Argentina: case series study

En 2015, se observó un incremento en la incidencia de microcefalia congénita en recién nacidos en Brasil. Meses más tarde, se descubrió la relación causal entre el virus del Zika y estos hallazgos. Durante el primer brote en la Argentina, se reportaron 5 casos de síndrome de Zika congénito. En 2017, hubo un nuevo brote que involucró la provincia de Salta. En este trabajo, se presentan 2 casos clínicos con síndrome de Zika congénito autóctonos: una paciente con microcefalia congénita grave con lisencefalia, calcificaciones corticosubcorticales y ventriculomegalia y otra paciente con microcefalia posnatal con polimicrogiria asimétrica y calcificaciones subcorticales y retraso en la mielinización. El real impacto de esta enfermedad aún es incierto; es necesario un adecuado seguimiento multidisciplinario de los pacientes expuestos al virus del Zika para comprender mejor la infección y su historia natural.

In 2015, there was an increase in the incidence of congenital microcephaly in newborns in Brazil. Months later, the causal relationship between Zika virus and these findings was discovered. In Argentina, during the first outbreak there were 5 cases of congenital Zika syndrome reported. In 2017, there was a new outbreak which involved Salta province. We describe 2 patients with autochthonous congenital Zika syndrome: one of the babies with severe congenital microcephaly with lissencephaly, calcifications and ventriculomegaly; and another baby with postnatal microcephaly with asymmetric polymicrogyria, calcifications and delayed myelination. The real impact of this disease is still uncertain, so it is necessary an adequate multidisciplinary monitoring of patients exposed to Zika virus to better understand the infection and its natural history.

[Congenital Zika syndrome in Argentina: case series study]. / Síndrome de Zika congénito en la Argentina: presentación de dos casos clínicos.

In 2015, there was an increase in the incidence of congenital microcephaly in newborns in Brazil. Months later, the causal relationship between Zika virus and these findings was discovered. In Argentina, during the first outbreak there were 5 cases of congenital Zika syndrome reported. In 2017, there was a new outbreak which involved Salta province. We describe 2 patients with autochthonous congenital Zika syndrome: one of the babies with severe congenital microcephaly with lissencephaly, calcifications and ventriculomegaly; and another baby with postnatal microcephaly with asymmetric polymicrogyria, calcifications and delayed myelination. The real impact of this disease is still uncertain, so it is necessary an adequate multidisciplinary monitoring of patients exposed to Zika virus to better understand the infection and its natural history.

En 2015, se observó un incremento en la incidencia de microcefalia congénita en recién nacidos en Brasil. Meses más tarde, se descubrió la relación causal entre el virus del Zika y estos hallazgos. Durante el primer brote en la Argentina, se reportaron 5 casos de síndrome de Zika congénito. En 2017, hubo un nuevo brote que involucró la provincia de Salta. En este trabajo, se presentan 2 casos clínicos con síndrome de Zika congénito autóctonos: una paciente con microcefalia congénita grave con lisencefalia, calcificaciones corticosubcorticales y ventriculomegalia y otra paciente con microcefalia posnatal con polimicrogiria asimétrica y calcificaciones subcorticales y retraso en la mielinización. El real impacto de esta enfermedad aún es incierto; es necesario un adecuado seguimiento multidisciplinario de los pacientes expuestos al virus del Zika para comprender mejor la infección y su historia natural.

Síndrome lumbocostovertebral: primer reporte de caso en Argentina / Lumbocostovertebral syndrome: first case report in Argentina

El síndrome lumbocostovertebral se define por la presencia de hernia lumbar, hemivértebras y anomalías costales. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el primer caso reportado en Argentina. El paciente fue comunicado a la Red Nacional de Anomalías Congénitas de Argentina. Se describe el cuadro clínico, los diagnósticos diferenciales y los posibles mecanismos patogénicos involucrados. Se sugiere que esta entidad sea considerada como una asociación. La hernia lumbar en un recién nacido es un hallazgo infrecuente y debe pesquisarse la presencia de otras anomalías asociadas.

Lumbocostovertebral syndrome is defined by the presence of lumbar hernia, hemivertebrae and costal anomalies. Our aim was to describe the first case reported in Argentina. The patient was reported to the National Registry of Congenital Anomalies of Argentina. The clinical picture, differential diagnoses and possible pathogenic mechanisms involved are described. We suggest considering this as a lumbocostovertebral association. Lumbar hernia in a newborn is an infrequent finding and other associated anomalies should be evaluated.

[Lumbocostovertebral syndrome: first case report in Argentina]. / Síndrome lumbocostovertebral: primer reporte de caso en Argentina.

Lumbocostovertebral syndrome is defined by the presence of lumbar hernia, hemivertebrae and costal anomalies. Our aim was to describe the first case reported in Argentina. The patient was reported to the National Registry of Congenital Anomalies of Argentina. The clinical picture, differential diagnoses and possible pathogenic mechanisms involved are described. We suggest considering this as a lumbocostovertebral association. Lumbar hernia in a newborn is an infrequent finding and other associated anomalies should be evaluated.

El síndrome lumbocostovertebral se define por la presencia de hernia lumbar, hemivértebras y anomalías costales. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el primer caso reportado en Argentina. El paciente fue comunicado a la Red Nacional de Anomalías Congénitas de Argentina. Se describe el cuadro clínico, los diagnósticos diferenciales y los posibles mecanismos patogénicos involucrados. Se sugiere que esta entidad sea considerada como una asociación. La hernia lumbar en un recién nacido es un hallazgo infrecuente y debe pesquisarse la presencia de otras anomalías asociadas.

A nitrogen fertilization field study of carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 transfers in ectomycorrhizas of Pinus sabiniana.

Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi form relationships with higher plants; plants transfer C to fungi, and fungi transfer nutrients to their host. While evidence indicates that this interaction is largely mutualistic, less is known about how nutrient supply and EM associates may alter C and nutrient exchanges, especially in intact plant-soil-microbe systems in the field. In a dual-labeling experiment with N fertilization, we used C and N stable isotopes to examine in situ transfers in EM pine trees in a Pinus sabiniana woodland in northern California. We added (15)NH4SO2 and (13)CO2 to track (13)C transfer from pine needles to EM roots and (15)N transfer from soil to EM roots and pine needles. Transfers of (13)C and (15)N differed with EM morphotype and with N fertilization. The brown morphotype received the least C per unit of N transferred (5:1); in contrast red and gold morphotypes gained more C and transferred less N (17:1 and 25:1, respectively). N fertilization increased N retention by ectomycorrhizas (EMs) but did not increase N transfer from EMs to pine needles. Therefore N fertilization positively affected both nutrient and C gains by EMs, increasing net C flows and N retention in EMs. Our work on intact and native trees/EM associations thereby extends earlier conclusions based on pot studies with young plants and culturable EM fungi; our results support the concept that EM-host relationships depend on species-level differences as well as responses to soil resources such as N.

Bottom-up and top-down effects on insect herbivores do not vary among sites of different salinity.

It has been suggested, but rarely tested, that the relative strength of top-down and bottom-up factors in communities varies along an environmental stress gradient. We compared the strength of bottom-up and top-down effects on the densities of insect herbivores along a range of sites of different salinities in west-central Florida. We used a 2 x 2 factorial design with plots divided into four treatments: (1) bottom-up manipulation, where fertilizer was applied to increase plant quality; (2) top-down manipulation, where sticky traps were used to reduce the effects of natural enemies (parasitoids); (3) bottom-up and top-down manipulation, where fertilizer was applied and sticky traps were used; and (4) control plots. These plots were established along a range of salinities among seven different sites containing the salt marsh plant Borrichia frutescens. In each plot, we determined the parasitism levels and abundances of the sap sucker Pissonotus quadripustulatus, the gall maker Asphondylia borrichiae, and the lepidopteran stem borer Argyresthia spp. Gall density, Pissonotus density, and stem borer density were significantly higher in lower salinity sites, suggesting a strong effect of environmental stress. There was a significant increase of galls and Pissonotus and a marginally significant increase of bored stems on fertilized plots but not on trapped plots. There was a significant interaction of site and fertilizer on gall parasitism. There were no interactions of either treatment with salinity on herbivore densities. The general lack of interaction between salinity level and other treatments on herbivore densities contrasts with our previous result where treatment effects did vary with salinity level on a large experimentally generated salinity gradient at one site. Thus, the results of the present paper suggest that, while environmental stress can modify top-down and bottom-up effects on herbivores at single sites, variation in site-to-site factors, possibly including clonal identity of plant, affects herbivore densities so much as to swamp out any observable interaction between environmental stress and top-down or bottom-up factors.