ABSTRACT
Introducción y objetivos: Según el análisis de 2013 del Institute of Health Metrics, valores elevados de índice de masa corporal son el primer factor de riesgo de carga de enfermedad en España. Con base en este punto de interés, se describe la prevalencia de obesidad total y obesidad abdominal en la población adulta española (25-64 años) en 2014-2015. Métodos: La muestra procede del estudio ENPE, estudio transversal en muestra representativa de la población no institucionalizada (n = 6.800), realizado entre mayo de 2014 y mayo de 2015. Este análisis se refiere a población entre 25 y 64 años (n = 3.966). Observadores entrenados realizaron las mediciones antropométricas en los domicilios según protocolos internacionales estandarizados. Se consideró sobrepeso valores de índice de masa corporal ≥ 25 y obesidad, índice de masa corporal ≥ 30. La obesidad abdominal se tipificó para valores de cintura > 102 cm en varones y > 88 cm en mujeres. Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso estimada en la población adulta española (2564 años) es del 39,3% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%], 35,7-42,9%); la de obesidad general, del 21,6% (IC95%, 19,0-24,2%), el 22,8% (IC95%, 20,6-25,0%) entre los varones y el 20,5% (IC95%, 18,5-22,5%) entre las mujeres, y aumenta con la edad. La prevalencia de obesidad abdominal se estima en el 33,4% (IC95%, 31,1-35,7%), mayor entre las mujeres (el 43,3%; IC95%, 41,1-45,8%) que entre los varones (el 23,3%; IC95%, 20,9-25,5%), y también aumenta con la edad. Conclusiones: Las prevalencias de obesidad general y obesidad abdominal en España son altas, aunque con distribución desigual por comunidades autónomas. La comparación con datos precedentes plantea un aumento importante de la sobrecarga ponderal, lo que indica la necesidad de vigilancia sistemática y acciones integradas (AU)
Introduction and objectives: According to the 2013 analysis of the Institute of Health Metrics, high body mass index values are the most important risk factor for disease in Spain. Consequently, we describe the prevalence of total obesity and abdominal obesity in the Spanish adult population (2564 years) for 2014-2015. Methods: The sample was taken from the ENPE study, a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized population (n = 6800) carried out between May 2014 and May 2015. This analysis refers to the population between age 25 and 64 years (n = 3966). The anthropometric measurements were performed by trained observers at participants homes according to standard international protocols. Body mass index ≥ 25 was defined as overweight and ≥ 30 as obesity. Abdominal obesity was classified as waist > 102 cm in men and > 88 cm in women. Results: The estimated prevalence of overweight in the Spanish adult population (25-64 years) was 39.3% 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 35.7%-42.9%). The prevalence of general obesity was 21.6% (95%CI, 19.0%-24.2%) and, more specifically, was 22.8% (95%CI, 20.6%-25.0%) among men and 20.5% (95%CI, 18.5%-22.5%) among women, and rose with age. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was estimated at 33.4% (95%CI, 31.1%-35.7%) and was higher among women (43.3%; 95%CI, 41.1%-45.8%) than among men (23.3%; 95%CI, 20.9%-25.5%), and also rose with age. Conclusions: The prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity in Spain is high, although the distribution differs according to autonomous community. A comparison with earlier data reveals a considerable increase in overweight, indicating the need for routine monitoring and comprehensive initiatives (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Body Weights and Measures/statistics & numerical data , Anthropometry/methods , Body Composition , Waist-Hip Ratio/statistics & numerical data , Waist-Height RatioABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: According to the 2013 analysis of the Institute of Health Metrics, high body mass index values are the most important risk factor for disease in Spain. Consequently, we describe the prevalence of total obesity and abdominal obesity in the Spanish adult population (25-64 years) for 2014-2015. METHODS: The sample was taken from the ENPE study, a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized population (n = 6800) carried out between May 2014 and May 2015. This analysis refers to the population between age 25 and 64 years (n = 3966). The anthropometric measurements were performed by trained observers at participants' homes according to standard international protocols. Body mass index ≥ 25 was defined as overweight and ≥ 30 as obesity. Abdominal obesity was classified as waist > 102 cm in men and > 88 cm in women. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of overweight in the Spanish adult population (25-64 years) was 39.3% 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 35.7%-42.9%). The prevalence of general obesity was 21.6% (95%CI, 19.0%-24.2%) and, more specifically, was 22.8% (95%CI, 20.6%-25.0%) among men and 20.5% (95%CI, 18.5%-22.5%) among women, and rose with age. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was estimated at 33.4% (95%CI, 31.1%-35.7%) and was higher among women (43.3%; 95%CI, 41.1%-45.8%) than among men (23.3%; 95%CI, 20.9%-25.5%), and also rose with age. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity in Spain is high, although the distribution differs according to autonomous community. A comparison with earlier data reveals a considerable increase in overweight, indicating the need for routine monitoring and comprehensive initiatives.
Subject(s)
Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology , Adult , Age Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Prevalence , Sex Distribution , Spain/epidemiology , Waist CircumferenceABSTRACT
Nutritional studies including food and beverage consumption assessment are needed for different purposes in the field of nutrition, food supply monitoring, toxicology or in the context of intervention strategies that include changes in eating behaviors. Different methods have been used, each with strengths, weaknesses, biases and limitations that must be considered when choosing the most appropriate in each case. The development of new technologies offers exciting developments to improve the validity and accuracy of these methods, as well as their efficiency and commodity. The characteristics of the individuals under study, its environment and the resources available should be considered as well (AU)
Los estudios nutricionales que incluyen análisis del consumo de alimentos y bebidas son necesarios con diferentes finalidades de interés nutricional, alimentario, toxicológico o en el contexto de estrategias de intervención que incluyen la modificación de conductas alimentarias. Se han venido utilizando diferentes métodos, cada uno con ventajas, inconvenientes, sesgos y limitaciones que deben considerarse al elegir el más adecuado en cada caso. El desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías ofrece avances interesantes para mejorar la validez y precisión de estos métodos, así como su rápidez y eficiencia. También debe tenerse en cuenta las características de los individuos objeto del estudio, su entorno así como los recursos disponibles (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Nutritional Sciences/methods , 52503 , Research/trends , 24439 , Motor Activity/physiology , Life Style , Dietary Supplements , Eating/physiology , Food , Food Analysis/methods , Food Planning/organization & administration , Food Planning/standards , Food Planning/trendsABSTRACT
The results and conclusions of well design nutrition studies, using the appropriate methods to achieve the intended aims with the best validity and precision possible are of great value for nutritional, food and toxicological surveillance systems; also in the planning, follow-up and evaluation of nutrition and health policies and providing high value information for the formulation of recommended reference intakes, nutritional objectives and food based dietary guidelines (AU)
Los resultados y las conclusiones de los estudios nutricionales bien diseñados, utilizando la metodología adecuada para lograr los objetivos planteados, con la mayor validez y precisión posible, son de gran utilidad en los sistemas de vigilancia nutricional, alimentaria y toxicológica, en la planificación, seguimiento y evaluación de políticas nutricionales y proporcionan información de gran interés en el planteamiento de ingestas de referencia, objetivos nutricionales y guías alimentarias (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Nutrition Surveys/instrumentation , Nutrition Surveys/methods , Motor Activity/physiology , Life Style , Food and Nutritional Surveillance/methods , Nutrition Programs and Policies , Nutrition Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Nutrition Policy/trends , Nutrition Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Nutrition Surveys/trends , Nutrition Surveys , Nutrition Programs/organization & administration , Health Plan Implementation/organization & administration , Health Programs and Plans/trendsABSTRACT
Nutritional studies including food and beverage consumption assessment are needed for different purposes in the field of nutrition, food supply monitoring, toxicology or in the context of intervention strategies that include changes in eating behaviors. Different methods have been used, each with strengths, weaknesses, biases and limitations that must be considered when choosing the most appropriate in each case. The development of new technologies offers exciting developments to improve the validity and accuracy of these methods, as well as their efficiency and commodity. The characteristics of the individuals under study, its environment and the resources available should be considered as well.
Los estudios nutricionales que incluyen análisis del consumo de alimentos y bebidas son necesarios con diferentes finalidades de interés nutricional, alimentario, toxicológico o en el contexto de estrategias de intervención que incluyen la modificación de conductas alimentarias. Se han venido utilizando diferentes métodos, cada uno con ventajas, inconvenientes, sesgos y limitaciones que deben considerarse al elegir el más adecuado en cada caso. El desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías ofrece avances interesantes para mejorar la validez y precisión de estos métodos, así como su rápidez y eficiencia. También debe tenerse en cuenta las características de los individuos objeto del estudio, su entorno así como los recursos disponibles.
Subject(s)
Exercise/physiology , Life Style , Nutritional Sciences/methods , Humans , Population , Reproducibility of Results , Research DesignABSTRACT
The results and conclusions of well design nutrition studies, using the appropriate methods to achieve the intended aims with the best validity and precision possible are of great value for nutritional, food and toxicological surveillance systems; also in the planning, follow-up and evaluation of nutrition and health policies and providing high value information for the formulation of recommended reference intakes, nutritional objectives and food based dietary guidelines.
Los resultados y las conclusiones de los estudios nutricionales bien diseñados, utilizando la metodología adecuada para lograr los objetivos planteados, con la mayor validez y precisión posible, son de gran utilidad en los sistemas de vigilancia nutricional, alimentaria y toxicológica, en la planificación, seguimiento y evaluación de políticas nutricionales y proporcionan información de gran interés en el planteamiento de ingestas de referencia, objetivos nutricionales y guías alimentarias.
Subject(s)
Exercise , Health Surveys/methods , Life Style , Nutrition Surveys/methods , Humans , PopulationABSTRACT
Los estudios nutricionales que incluyen análisis del consumo de alimentos y bebidas son necesarios con diferentes finalidades de interés nutricional, alimentario, toxicológico o en el contexto de estrategias de intervención que incluyen la modificación de conductas alimentarias. Se han venido utilizando diferentes métodos, cada uno con ventajas, inconvenientes, sesgos y limitaciones que deben considerarse al elegir el más adecuado en cada caso. El desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías ofrece avances interesantes para mejorar la validez y precisión de estos métodos, así como su rápidez y eficiencia. También debe tenerse en cuenta las características de los individuos objeto del estudio, su entorno así como los recursos disponibles (AU)
Nutritional studies including food and beverage consumption assessment are needed for different purposes in the field of nutrition, food supply monitoring, toxicology or in the context of intervention strategies that include changes in eating behaviors. Different methods have been used, each with strengths, weaknesses, biases and limitations that must be considered when choosing the most appropriate in each case. The development of new technologies offers exciting developments to improve the validity and accuracy of these methods, as well as their efficiency and commodity. The characteristics of the individuals under study, its environment and the resources available should be considered as well (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Population Studies in Public Health , Feeding Behavior/physiology , 24439 , Motor Activity/physiology , Life Style , Eating/physiology , Dietary Services/organization & administration , Dietetics/methods , Dietetics/standards , Anthropometry/methods , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Reproducibility of Results , Food Planning/organization & administration , Food Planning/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires , Data Analysis/methodsABSTRACT
Los resultados y las conclusiones de los estudios nutricionales bien diseñados, utilizando la metodología adecuada para lograr los objetivos planteados, con la mayor validez y precisión posible, son de gran utilidad en los sistemas de vigilancia nutricional, alimentaria y toxicológica, en la planificación, seguimiento y evaluación de políticas nutricionales y proporcionan información de gran interés en el planteamiento de ingestas de referencia, objetivos nutricionales y guías alimentarias (AU)
The results and conclusions of well design nutrition studies, using the appropriate methods to achieve the intended aims with the best validity and precision possible are of great value for nutritional, food and toxicological surveillance systems; also in the planning, follow-up and evaluation of nutrition and health policies and providing high value information for the formulation of recommended reference intakes, nutritional objectives and food based dietary guidelines (AU)
