The impact of 10% α-hydroxy acid emulsion on skin pH.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The effects of a 10% α-hydroxy acid (AHA) oil/water (O/W) emulsion on the pH of human skin surface (pH(ss)) and stratum corneum (SC; pH(sc)) were evaluated in vivo. METHODS: The AHA O/W emulsion was applied to an area on the volar forearm of male volunteers (n = 12), and then wiped off after 10 min. Prior to application and over the following 3 h, the pH(ss) was measured. We used glass electrode measurements and time domain dual lifetime referencing (tdDLR) with luminescent sensor foils. In another experiment (n = 5), the impact of the AHA O/W emulsion on the pH(sc) gradient was measured by tape stripping of the SC of the volar forearm after application of the AHA O/W emulsion. RESULTS: Compared with pH(ss) values prior to treatment [5.2 ± 1.7 (tdDLR) or 4.8 ± 0.5 (electrode)], the pH(ss) was significantly reduced 10 min after application [4.0 ± 0.3 (tdDLR) or 4.1 ± 0.1 (electrode)] and the pH(ss) remained significantly reduced over the measurement period of 3 h [after 3 h: 4.4 ± 0.2 (tdDLR) or 4.5 ± 0.3 (electrode)]. The AHA O/W emulsion significantly reduced the pH(sc) even down to deep layers of the SC. CONCLUSION: After a 10-min application time, the 10% AHA O/W emulsion reduces the pH(ss) (for at least 3 h) and pH(sc) in deep layers of the SC.

Textured saline-filled breast implants for augmentation mammaplasty: does overfilling prevent deflation? A long-term follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Augmentation mammaplasty is the second most commonly performed aesthetic operation. Since the moratorium on gel-filled devices in 1992, saline-filled devices have become the prosthesis of choice in the United States. Although inflatable breast implants have been available since 1965, high rates of complete implant deflation have been reported. In this retrospective study, the authors highlight the effect of filling volume on the incidence of implant deflation, other implant-related trade-offs, and implant survival. METHODS: Forty-nine women who had undergone aesthetic augmentation mammaplasty were followed up for up to 139 months. Twelve implants were underfilled (group 1), 47 devices were filled within the recommended volume (group 2), and 37 implants were overfilled beyond the manufacturer's maximum recommended volume (group 3). All the implants used were of the same type and from the same manufacturer (Siltex by Mentor, 2600). Through an inframammary approach, subpectoral placement of the device was used exclusively. RESULTS: Nineteen women experienced complete deflation of their implants, with an overall implant complete deflation rate of 19.79 percent. This complication occurred in 16.6 percent of group 1 patients, 21.2 percent of group 2, and 18.9 percent of group 3. Skin wrinkling and rippling were encountered in 50 percent of group 1, 29.78 percent of group 2, and 43.2 percent of group 3, with an overall incidence of 37.5 percent. In this series, the authors could not find a protective effect of overfilling on complete deflation (p = 0.925) nor on the avoidance of rippling and wrinkling (p = 0.285). Moreover, overfilling by more than 25 ml beyond the maximum recommended dose showed no statistical significance for the frequency of complete deflation (p = 0.982) or for the incidence of wrinkling and rippling (p = 0.828). However, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that overfilling the implants prolonged their longevity and had a statistically significant effect on the implants' 10-year survival rate. Of the 49 women, 34 (69.3 percent) needed a secondary surgical procedure, mainly for complete deflation (38.7 percent) and skin wrinkling/rippling (20.4 percent). At the end of the current study, eight of 49 women, representing 15 implants, retained their original implants for more than 120 months. CONCLUSIONS: Use of Mentor 2600 prostheses for aesthetic breast augmentation led to a very high incidence of complete deflation and skin wrinkling and a high reoperation rate. Filling the implants within the recommended range or overfilling them increased device longevity and had a statistically significant effect on the implants' 10-year survival rate.