Injectable semi rigid penile prosthesis: study in rabbits and future perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Penile prostheses are the third option in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, however, despite their proven effectiveness, the occurrence of infections, advanced age of patients and comorbidities are the main limiting factors for this treatment modality. In the continuous search for biointegrated, clinically durable and minimally invasive treatment options, a possible model of penile prosthesis was sought through the use of intracavernous bacterial cellulose (BC) gel, in an experimental model of orchiectomized rabbits. METHODS: Thirty adult New Zealand rabbits were equally distributed into three groups: BC; vehicle and control. Each group was then subdivided according to the follow-up time of 3 and 6 months. Bilateral orchiectomy was performed 3 weeks before injection in the BC and vehicle groups. Pachymetry measurements of the penile axis, diameter and length were performed in situ. Histomorphometry analyzes of the corpora cavernosa (CC), thickness of the tunica albuginea, cell density, collagen and elastic fibers post-injection were also performed, in addition to immunohistochemistry for newly formed vessels. RESULTS: The implant of BC increased both the length and thickness of the penis three and six months after the last injection, with a consequent increase in the diameter of the CC. On the other hand, the filling effect was not observed in the control and vehicle groups, confirming the degradation of this tissue after orchiectomy and the effectiveness of BC as a filling agent. Histomorphometry analyzes corroborate the mass effect of BC integrated into the tissue, permeated by predominantly lymphomononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, multinucleated giant foreign body cells, fibroblasts, elastic fibers and newly formed vessels, without degradation or loss of volume, even after six months of implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Biocompatibility and biointegration to the host tissue make BC a prosperous penile filling material, with local application and minimally invasive.

The impact of anesthetic techniques on breast cancer recurrence: a systematic review of clinical evidence

Introduction: Surgery is the most effective treatment for breast cancer; however, several factors can impair the immune system during the perioperative period, including the anesthetic technique. Since metastasis is the leading cause of death, one of the treatment pillars is to prevent cancer progression. This systematic review will focus on the prospective clinical evidence available on anesthesia's role in favoring breast cancer recurrence. Methods: The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, LILACs, and Web of Science were electronically searched from inception through December 2020 for randomized controlled trials assessing the association of postoperative recurrence and survival with the use of regional anesthesia, opioids, anesthetic adjuncts, and general anesthesia during surgical resection of breast cancer. In total, 711 articles were retrieved. After title and abstract screening and full-text reviews, five randomized controlled trials were selected. Results: Two studies compared inhalation anesthesia with total intravenous anesthesia, while three compared general anesthesia with regional anesthesia and analgesia. There was no significant association between the anesthetic technique and local recurrence, metastasis, or survival. Conclusion: This systematic review did not find an association between the type of anesthesia performed and a higher breast cancer recurrence rate. Up to this time, there is no clinical evidence to support a specific anesthetic technique for malignant breast tumor resection surgeries.

Curativo de celulose bacteriana para o tratamento de lesões por pressão em pacientes hospitalizados / Dressing of bacterial cellulose for the treatment of pressure injuries in hospitalized patients

Objetivou-se monitorar a evolução do processo cicatricial das lesões por pressão (LP) em pacientes hospitalizados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), a partir da aplicação da cobertura de celulose bacteriana (CB). Trata-se de uma série de casos, amostra constituída por 10 pacientes internados na UTI. Foram excluídos crianças, adolescentes, e pacientes com outros tipos de lesões de pele. Foram aplicadas as escalas preditivas de Braden e a de MEASURE. Realizado monitoramento fotográfico pelo programa MOWA®. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no setor de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário em Recife, Pernambuco. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (60%), com média de idade de 60±12anos. Quanto as comorbidades, 3 pacientes apresentavam diabetes mellitus (DM), 2 hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), 3 DM e HAS e 2 negaram doença crônica. Sete pacientes foram acompanhados por 30 dias, em média. O risco avaliado pela escala de Braden foi de 9,66. As LP localizavam-se na região sacral, com área média de 84,48cm2 à avaliação inicial. Após 30 dias de acompanhamento observou-se redução da área média das LP (-14,7cm²). A CB funcionou como barreira física e indutor do remodelamento tecidual

The objective of this study was to monitor the evolution of the cicatricial process of pressure lesions (LP) in patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (ICU), from the application of bacterial cellulose (CB) coverage. This is a series of cases, a sample consisting of 10 patients hospitalized in the ICU. Children, adolescents, and patients with other types of skin lesions were excluded. Predictive scales of Braden and MEASURE were applied. Photographic monitoring carried out by the MOWA® program. The research was developed in the intensive care sector of a university hospital in Recife, Pernambuco. The majority of the patients were female (60%), with a mean age of 60 ± 12 years. As for comorbidities, 3 patients had diabetes mellitus (DM), 2 systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), 3 DM and SAH and 2 denied chronic disease. Seven patients were followed for 30 days, on average. The risk assessed by the Braden scale was 9.66. LPs were located in the sacral region, with a mean area of 84.48 cm2 at the initial evaluation. After 30 days of follow-up, we observed a reduction in the mean area of LP (-14.7 cm²). CB worked as a physical barrier and inducer of tissue remodeling

Bacterial cellulose to reinforce urethrovesical anastomosis. A translational study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the cellulosic exopolysaccharide membrane (CEM) as a urethral reinforcement for urethrovesical anastomosis. METHODS: Twenty eight rabbits were submitted to urethrovesical anastomosis with or without CEM reinforcement. The animals were divided into 4 groups: C7, CEM7, C14 and CEM14: (C= only anastomosis or CEM = anastomosis + CEM), evaluated after 7 weeks, and 14 weeks. The biointegration and biocompatibility of CEM were evaluated according to stenosis, fistula, urethral wall thickness, urethral epithelium, rate of inflammation and vascularization. RESULTS: Between the two experimental groups, the difference in the number of stenosis or urinary fistula was not statistically significant. The morphometric analysis revealed preservation of urethral lumen, well adhered CEM without extrusion, a controlled inflammatory process and implant vascularization. The urothelium height remained constant over time after CEM reinforcement and the membrane wall was thicker, statistically, after 14 weeks. CONCLUSION: The absence of extrusion, stenosis or urinary fistula after 14 weeks of urethrovesical anastomosis demonstrates cellulosic exopolysaccharide membrane biocompatibility and biointegration with tendency to a thicker wall.

Cellulose exopolysaccharide from sugarcane molasses as a suitable substrate for 2D and 3D neuron and astrocyte primary cultures.

Bacteria-synthesized polysaccharides have attracted interest for biomedical applications as promising biomaterials to be used as implants and scaffolds. The present study tested the hypothesis that cellulose exopolysaccharide (CEC) produced from sugarcane molasses of low cost and adequate purity would be suitable as a template for 2D and 3D neuron and/or astrocyte primary cultures, considering its low toxicity. CEC biocompatibility in these primary cultures was evaluated with respect to cell viability, adhesion, growth and cell function (calcium imaging). Polystyrene or Matrigel® matrix were used as comparative controls. We demonstrated that the properties of this CEC in the 2D or 3D configurations are suitable for differentiation of cortical astrocytes and neurons in single or mixed cultures. No toxicity was detected in neurons that showed NMDA-induced Ca2+ influx. Unlike other polysaccharides of bacterial synthesis, the CEC was efficient as a support even in the absence of surface conjugation with extracellular matrix proteins, maintaining physiological characteristics of cultured neural cells. These observations open up the perspective for development of a novel 3D biofunctional scaffold produced from bacterial cellulose and obtained from renewable sources whose residues are not pollutants. Its low cost and possibility to be manufactured in scale are also suitable for potential applications in regenerative medicine.

Experimental study of femoral vein reconstruction with sugarcane biopolymer tubular graft. / Estudo experimental de reconstrução da veia femoral com enxerto tubular do bipolímero de cana-de-açúcar.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate, through Doppler flowmetry, venography, histology and clinical evolution, the use of sugarcane biopolymer (BP) tubular grafts in the reconstruction of femoral veins in dogs. METHODS: we submitted eight adult dogs to femoral vein reconstruction, on the left with BP tubular graft and on the right with autologous vein. In the postoperative period, the animals underwent clinical evaluation and femoral vein Doppler flowmetry. After 360 days, we reoperated the dogs and submitted them to femoral vein phlebography with iodinated contrast. We removed the segments of the femoral veins containing the grafts and sent them for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: the dogs did not present hemorrhage, hematoma, surgical wound infection or operated limb edema. One animal had superficial venous dilatation in the left inguinal region. Phlebography performed 360 days after the first surgery showed that three (37.5%) BP grafts and seven (87.5%) grafts from the control group (C) were patent. In the histopathological evaluation, we found an inflammatory reaction, with neutrophils and lymphocytes on the external surface of both groups. In the intimal layer of the grafts and in the outer layer in the two groups, we observed fibrosis. CONCLUSION: based on the results obtained with the experimental model used, BP presents potential to be used as a tubular graft for venous revascularization. However, new research must be performed to confirm its efficacy in the revascularization of medium and large diameter veins, which could allow its use in clinical practice.

OBJETIVO: avaliar, através de dopplerfluxometria, de venografia, de histologia e de evolução clínica, o uso de enxertos tubulares de biopolímero de cana-de-açúcar (BP) na reconstrução de veias femorais em cães. MÉTODOS: oito cães adultos foram submetidos à reconstrução de veia femoral, à esquerda com enxerto tubular de BP e à direita com veia autóloga. No período pós-operatório, os animais foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e dopplerfluxometria das veias femorais. Após 360 dias, os cães foram reoperados e submetidos à flebografia das veias femorais com contraste iodado. Os segmentos das veias femorais contendo os enxertos foram retirados e enviados para avaliação histopatológica. RESULTADOS: os cães não apresentaram hemorragia, hematoma, infecção da ferida operatória ou edema dos membros operados. Um animal apresentou dilatação venosa superficial na região inguinal esquerda. A flebografia realizada 360 dias após a primeira cirurgia demonstrou que três (37,5%) enxertos de BP e sete (87,5%) do grupo controle (C) estavam pérvios. Na avaliação histopatológica foi encontrada uma reação inflamatória com neutrófilos e linfócitos na superfície externa de ambos os grupos. Na camada íntima de revestimento dos enxertos e na camada externa nos dois grupos, foi encontrada fibrose. CONCLUSÃO: com base nos resultados obtidos com o modelo experimental utilizado, conclui-se que a BP apresenta potencial para ser utilizado como enxerto tubular para revascularização venosa, porém novas pesquisas precisam ser realizadas para confirmar a sua eficácia na revascularização de veias de médio e grande calibre, o que poderia permitir o seu uso na prática clínica.

Bacterial cellulose to reinforce urethrovesical anastomosis. A translational study

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the cellulosic exopolysaccharide membrane (CEM) as a urethral reinforcement for urethrovesical anastomosis. Methods: Twenty eight rabbits were submitted to urethrovesical anastomosis with or without CEM reinforcement. The animals were divided into 4 groups: C7, CEM7, C14 and CEM14: (C= only anastomosis or CEM = anastomosis + CEM), evaluated after 7 weeks, and 14 weeks. The biointegration and biocompatibility of CEM were evaluated according to stenosis, fistula, urethral wall thickness, urethral epithelium, rate of inflammation and vascularization. Results: Between the two experimental groups, the difference in the number of stenosis or urinary fistula was not statistically significant. The morphometric analysis revealed preservation of urethral lumen, well adhered CEM without extrusion, a controlled inflammatory process and implant vascularization. The urothelium height remained constant over time after CEM reinforcement and the membrane wall was thicker, statistically, after 14 weeks. Conclusion: The absence of extrusion, stenosis or urinary fistula after 14 weeks of urethrovesical anastomosis demonstrates cellulosic exopolysaccharide membrane biocompatibility and biointegration with tendency to a thicker wall.

Risk factors for mortality in fournier's gangrene in a general hospital: use of simplified founier gangrene severe index score (SFGSI)

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate risk factors for mortality in patients with Fournier's gangrene (FG), with emphasis in the Simplified Fournier Gangrene Severe Index Score (SFGSI). Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out from January 2010 to December 2014, with 124 patients treated for FG in a General Hospital. Several clinical and laboratory variables, including SFGSI, were evaluated and correlated with mortality through univariate analysis and logistic regression. Results Of the 124 patients, 99 were men (79.8%), the mean age was 50.8±19.5 years and the main comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (51.6%). The mortality rate was 25.8%. Variables that presented independent correlation with mortality were the extension of the lesion to the abdomen (OR=4.0, CI=1.10-14.68, p=0.03), hematocrit (OR=0.81, CI=0.73-0.90, p<0.0001), potassium (OR=2.41, CI=1.13-5.10, p=0.02) and creatinine (OR=2.15, CI= 1.04-4.41, p=0.03). When hematocrit, potassium and creatinine were tested together, as part of the SFGSI, a >2 result was the largest of the independent predictors of mortality (OR=50.2; CI=13.18-191.47; p<0.0001). Conclusion The SFGSI >2 presented a higher correlation with mortality than any variable tested alone. It seems to be a promising alternative to evaluate predictors of mortality in Fournier's gangrene. The main advantage is easy applicability because it contains only three parameters and can be used immediately after patient's admission.

Risk factors for mortality in fournier's gangrene in a general hospital: use of simplified founier gangrene severe index score (SFGSI).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate risk factors for mortality in patients with Fournier's gangrene (FG), with emphasis in the Simplified Fournier Gangrene Severe Index Score (SFGSI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out from January 2010 to December 2014, with 124 patients treated for FG in a General Hospital. Several clinical and laboratory variables, including SFGSI, were evaluated and correlated with mortality through univariate analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 124 patients, 99 were men (79.8%), the mean age was 50.8±19.5 years and the main comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (51.6%). The mortality rate was 25.8%. Variables that presented independent correlation with mortality were the extension of the lesion to the abdomen (OR=4.0, CI=1.10-14.68, p=0.03), hematocrit (OR=0.81, CI=0.73-0.90, p<0.0001), potassium (OR=2.41, CI=1.13-5.10, p=0.02) and creatinine (OR=2.15, CI=1.04-4.41, p=0.03). When hematocrit, potassium and creatinine were tested together, as part of the SFGSI, a >2 result was the largest of the independent predictors of mortality (OR=50.2; CI=13.18-191.47; p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The SFGSI >2 presented a higher correlation with mortality than any variable tested alone. It seems to be a promising alternative to evaluate predictors of mortality in Fournier's gangrene. The main advantage is easy applicability because it contains only three parameters and can be used immediately after patient's admission.

Effects of bacterial cellulose gel on the anorectal resting pressures in rats submitted to anal sphincter injury.

The aim of this study is to evaluate if a gel of bacterial cellulose gel can revert the loss of anal resting pressure after anorectum sphincter injury in rat model, elected as a model to simulate fecal incontinence. Thirty-nine animals were equally divided into three groups: Control (CG), Sphincter injury plus Saline injection (SG) and Sphincter injury plus Bacterial Cellulose Gel injection (BCG). Anal pressure at rest was assessed for all animal in the three groups using anorectum manometry. Saline and Gel groups were subject to anorectum sphincter injury to reduce the anal pressure at rest. Fifteen days later Saline or Gel was injected into the anorectum, according to their groups. Sixty days later first manometry, the anorectum of all animals were removed and processed histologically. The CG group showed maintenance of their mean anorectal resting pressure levels; SG presented a fall in their mean anorectal resting pressure. The BCG presented a significant elevation of the mean anorectal resting pressure levels, surpassing the pressure of CG. The gel of bacterial cellulose remained at the injection site and was neovascularized, colonized by fibroblasts and dense conjunctive tissue. Those data suggest that BC can be used as a future filling agent treatment for fecal incontinence in clinical trial protocols.

Estudo experimental de reconstrução da veia femoral com enxerto tubular do bipolímero de cana-de-açúcar / Experimental study of femoral vein reconstruction with sugarcane biopolymer tubular graft

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar, através de dopplerfluxometria, de venografia, de histologia e de evolução clínica, o uso de enxertos tubulares de biopolímero de cana-de-açúcar (BP) na reconstrução de veias femorais em cães. Métodos: oito cães adultos foram submetidos à reconstrução de veia femoral, à esquerda com enxerto tubular de BP e à direita com veia autóloga. No período pós-operatório, os animais foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e dopplerfluxometria das veias femorais. Após 360 dias, os cães foram reoperados e submetidos à flebografia das veias femorais com contraste iodado. Os segmentos das veias femorais contendo os enxertos foram retirados e enviados para avaliação histopatológica. Resultados: os cães não apresentaram hemorragia, hematoma, infecção da ferida operatória ou edema dos membros operados. Um animal apresentou dilatação venosa superficial na região inguinal esquerda. A flebografia realizada 360 dias após a primeira cirurgia demonstrou que três (37,5%) enxertos de BP e sete (87,5%) do grupo controle (C) estavam pérvios. Na avaliação histopatológica foi encontrada uma reação inflamatória com neutrófilos e linfócitos na superfície externa de ambos os grupos. Na camada íntima de revestimento dos enxertos e na camada externa nos dois grupos, foi encontrada fibrose. Conclusão: com base nos resultados obtidos com o modelo experimental utilizado, conclui-se que a BP apresenta potencial para ser utilizado como enxerto tubular para revascularização venosa, porém novas pesquisas precisam ser realizadas para confirmar a sua eficácia na revascularização de veias de médio e grande calibre, o que poderia permitir o seu uso na prática clínica.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate, through Doppler flowmetry, venography, histology and clinical evolution, the use of sugarcane biopolymer (BP) tubular grafts in the reconstruction of femoral veins in dogs. Methods: we submitted eight adult dogs to femoral vein reconstruction, on the left with BP tubular graft and on the right with autologous vein. In the postoperative period, the animals underwent clinical evaluation and femoral vein Doppler flowmetry. After 360 days, we reoperated the dogs and submitted them to femoral vein phlebography with iodinated contrast. We removed the segments of the femoral veins containing the grafts and sent them for histopathological evaluation. Results: the dogs did not present hemorrhage, hematoma, surgical wound infection or operated limb edema. One animal had superficial venous dilatation in the left inguinal region. Phlebography performed 360 days after the first surgery showed that three (37.5%) BP grafts and seven (87.5%) grafts from the control group (C) were patent. In the histopathological evaluation, we found an inflammatory reaction, with neutrophils and lymphocytes on the external surface of both groups. In the intimal layer of the grafts and in the outer layer in the two groups, we observed fibrosis. Conclusion: based on the results obtained with the experimental model used, BP presents potential to be used as a tubular graft for venous revascularization. However, new research must be performed to confirm its efficacy in the revascularization of medium and large diameter veins, which could allow its use in clinical practice.

A new material to prevent urethral damage after implantation of artificial devices: an experimental study

ABSTRACT Objective To validate the application of the bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane as a protecting barrier to the urethra. Materials and Methods Forty female Wistar rats (four groups of 10): Group 1 (sham), the urethra was dissected as in previous groups and nothing applied around; Group 2, received a 0.7cm strip of the BC applied around the urethra just below the bladder neck; Group 3, received a silicon strip with the same dimensions as in group 2; Group 4, had a combination of 2 and 3 groups being the silicon strip applied over the cellulosic material. Half of the animals in each group were killed at 4 and 8 months. Bladder and urethra were fixed in formalin for histological analysis. Results Inflammatory infiltrates were more intense at 4 months at lymphonodes (80% Grade 2), statistically different in the group 2 compared with groups 1 (p=0.0044) and 3 (p=0.0154). At 8 months, all samples were classified as grade 1 indicating a less intense inflammatory reaction in all groups. In group 2, at 8 months, there was a reduction in epithelial thickness (30±1μm) when com-pared to groups 1 (p=0.0001) and 3 (p<0.0001). Angiogenesis was present in groups 2 and 4 and absent in group 3. In BC implant, at 4 and 8 months, it was significant when comparing groups 4 with 1 (p=0.0159). Conclusion BC membrane was well integrated to the urethral wall promoting tissue remodeling and strengthening based on morphometric and histological results and may be a future option to prevent urethral damage.

A new material to prevent urethral damage after implantation of artificial devices: an experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the application of the bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane as a protecting bar-rier to the urethra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty female Wistar rats (four groups of 10): Group 1 (sham), the urethra was dissected as in previous groups and nothing applied around; Group 2, received a 0.7cm strip of the BC applied around the urethra just below the bladder neck; Group 3, received a silicon strip with the same dimensions as in group 2; Group 4, had a combination of 2 and 3 groups being the silicon strip applied over the cellulosic material. Half of the animals in each group were killed at 4 and 8 months. Bladder and urethra were fixed in formalin for histological analysis. RESULTS: Inflammatory infiltrates were more intense at 4 months at lymphonodes (80% Grade 2), statistically different in the group 2 compared with groups 1 (p=0.0044) and 3 (p=0.0154). At 8 months, all samples were classified as grade 1 indicating a less intense inflammatory reaction in all groups. In group 2, at 8 months, there was a reduction in epithelial thickness (30±1µm) when com-pared to groups 1 (p=0.0001) and 3 (p<0.0001). Angiogenesis was present in groups 2 and 4 and absent in group 3. In BC implant, at 4 and 8 months, it was significant when comparing groups 4 with 1 (p=0.0159). CONCLUSION: BC membrane was well integrated to the urethral wall promoting tissue remodeling and strengthening based on morphometric and histological results and may be a future option to prevent urethral damage.

A wet dressing for male genital surgery: A phase II clinical trial

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study was to confirm the safety and efficacy of BC dressing when used in surgical male wound healing at the urogenital area. Methods: Open, non-controlled clinical study of phase II. A total of 141 patients, among those children, adolescents and adults with hypospadias (112), epispadias (04), phymosis (13) and Peyronie's disease (12) that had a BC dressing applied over the operated area after surgery. A written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Study exclusion criteria were patients with other alternative treatment indications due to the severity, extent of the injury or the underlying disease. The outcomes evaluated were efficacy, safe and complete healing. The costs were discussed. Results: In 68% patients, the BC dressing fell off spontaneously. The BC was removed without complications in 13% of patients at the outpatient clinic during the follow-up visit and 17% not reported the time of removal. In 3% of the cases, the dressing fell off early. Complete healing was observed between 8th and 10th days after surgery. The BC dressings have shown a good tolerance by all the patients and there were no reports of serious adverse events. Conclusion: The bacterial cellulose dressings have shown efficacy, safety and that can be considered as a satisfactory alternative for postoperative wound healing in urogenital area and with low cost.

A wet dressing for male genital surgery: A phase II clinical trial.

PURPOSE: This study was to confirm the safety and efficacy of BC dressing when used in surgical male wound healing at the urogenital area. METHODS: Open, non-controlled clinical study of phase II. A total of 141 patients, among those children, adolescents and adults with hypospadias (112), epispadias (04), phymosis (13) and Peyronie's disease (12) that had a BC dressing applied over the operated area after surgery. A written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Study exclusion criteria were patients with other alternative treatment indications due to the severity, extent of the injury or the underlying disease. The outcomes evaluated were efficacy, safe and complete healing. The costs were discussed. RESULTS: In 68% patients, the BC dressing fell off spontaneously. The BC was removed without complications in 13% of patients at the outpatient clinic during the follow-up visit and 17% not reported the time of removal. In 3% of the cases, the dressing fell off early. Complete healing was observed between 8th and 10th days after surgery. The BC dressings have shown a good tolerance by all the patients and there were no reports of serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: The bacterial cellulose dressings have shown efficacy, safety and that can be considered as a satisfactory alternative for postoperative wound healing in urogenital area and with low cost.

ANALYSIS OF BIOMECHANICAL PARAMETERS IN COLONIC ANASTOMOSIS.

BACKGROUND: The use of measures in colonic anastomoses to prevent dehiscences is of great medical interest. Sugarcane molasses, which has adequate tolerability and compatibility in vivo, has not yet been tested for this purpose. AIM: To analyze the biomechanical parameters of colonic suture in rats undergoing colectomy, using sugarcane molasses polysaccharide as tape or gel. METHODS: 45 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were randomized into three groups of 15 animals: irrigation of enteric sutures with 0.9% saline solution; application of sugarcane molasses polysaccharide as tape; and sugarcane molasses polysaccharide as gel. The rats underwent colon ressection, with subsequent reanastomosis using polypropylene suture; they were treated according to their respective groups. Five rats from each group were evaluated at different times after the procedure: 30, 90 and 180 days postoperatively. The following variables were evaluated: maximum rupture force, modulus of elasticity and specific deformation of maximum force. RESULTS: The biomechanical variables among the scheduled times and treatment groups were statistically calculated. The characteristics of maximum rupture force and modulus of elasticity of the specimens remained identical, regardless of treatment with saline, polysaccharide gel or tape, and treatment time. However, it was found that the specific deformation of maximum force of the intestinal wall was higher after 180 days in the group treated with sugarcane polysaccharide gel (p=0.09). CONCLUSION: Compared to control, it was detected greater elasticity of the intestinal wall in mice treated with sugarcane polysaccharide gel, without changing other biomechanical characteristics, regardless of type or time of treatment.

RACIONAL: A aplicação de produtos em anastomoses colônicas que possam prevenir o surgimento de deiscências são de grande interesse médico. O emprego do polissacarídeo de melaço de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum), que possui adequada tolerabilidade e compatibilidade in vivo, ainda não foi testado para este fim. OBJETIVO: Analisar os parâmetros biomecânicos em suturas colônicas de ratos submetidos à colectomia esquerda após aplicação de fita ou gel do polissacarídeo do melaço da cana-de-açúcar no sítio cirúrgico. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco ratos (Rattus norvegicus albinus da linhagem Wistar) foram sorteados em três grupos de 15 submetidos a: irrigação das suturas entéricas com soro fisiológico a 0,9%; aplicação de fita de polissacarídeo do melaço da cana-de-açúcar; e aplicação do gel do mesmo melaço. Os ratos foram submetidos à colectomia esquerda com anastomose primária, e tratados segundo os respectivos grupos. Cinco ratos de cada grupo foram avaliados em diferentes tempos após o procedimento: 30º, 90º e 180º dias de pós-operatório. Foram avaliadas as variáveis de força máxima de ruptura, módulo de elasticidade e deformação específica da força máxima. RESULTADOS: As variáveis biomecânicas entre os tempos de coleta da pesquisa e os grupos de tratamento foram analisados estatisticamente. As características biomecânicas de força máxima de ruptura e o módulo de elasticidade do corpo de prova permaneceram idênticas, independente do tratamento com soro, fita ou gel de polissacarídeo, e do tempo de tratamento. No entanto, foi evidenciada maior deformação específica da força máxima da parede intestinal, aos 180 dias nos ratos tratados com gel de polissacarídeo de cana-de-açúcar. (p=0,09). CONCLUSÃO: Em relação ao controle, foi detectada maior elasticidade da parede intestinal nos ratos tratados com gel de polissacarídeo de cana-de-açúcar, sem alteração de outras características biomecânicas, independente do tipo ou tempo de tratamento.

Bioprosthetic mesh of bacterial cellulose for treatment of abdominal muscle aponeurotic defect in rat model.

The use of meshes for treatment of hernias continues to draw attention of surgeons and the industry in the search of an ideal prosthesis. The purpose of this work is to use meshes manufactured from bacterial cellulose, evaluate their organic tissue interaction and compare with an expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE's) prosthesis used to repair acute defect of muscle aponeurotic induced in rats. Forty-five male Wistar rats were classified using the following criteria: (1) surgical repair of acute muscle aponeurotic defect with perforated bacterial cellulose film (PBC; n = 18); (2) compact bacterial cellulose film (CBC; n = 12) and (3) ePTFE; (n = 15). After postoperative period, rectangles (2 × 3 cm) including prosthesis, muscles and peritoneum were collected for biomechanical, histological and stereological analysis. In all cases, the maximum acceptable error probability for rejecting the null hypothesis was 5 %. Between PBC and CBC samples, the variables of strain (P = 0.011) and elasticity (P = 0.035) were statistically different. The same was found between CBC and ePTFE (elasticity, P = 0.000; strain, P = 0.009). PBC differed from CBC for giant cells (P = 0.001) and new blood vessels (P = 0.000). In conclusion, there was biological integration and biomechanical elasticity of PBC; therefore, we think this option should be considered as a new alternative biomaterial for use as a bio prosthesis.

The biopolymer sugarcane as filling material of critical defects in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of particulate (granule-shaped) SCB on bone repair relating it to its biocompatibility and bone neoformation. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were submitted to a one 7-mm-diameter defect and divided equally into three experimental groups, with two different postoperative times of evaluation, 90 and 120 days. Each calvaria defect was filled up with clot (control group), particulated autogenous bone or granulated SCB. Five animals of each group were assessed at 90 and 120 days after surgery. In these two periods, histological and histometric analysis were obtained. RESULTS: The clot group showed a bone resorption trend while the autogenous bone group a bone repair trend. However in the SCB group, the critical defect filled up only with fibrous connective tissue and presented none bone neoformation. CONCLUSION: The sugarcane biopolymer when used in critical size defects was a biocompatible material and proved to be a good material to fill bone cavities, keeping them as uniform areas filled with soft tissue and avoiding the tissue shrinkage.