ABSTRACT
Aqui, fornecemos uma análise epidemiológica da leishmaniose em Pernambuco, Brasil, de 2015 a 2019. Nossos resultados revelaram 1.705 casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana-LTA e 859 casos de leishmaniose visceral-LV. LV e LTA afetam crianças de 1 a 4 anos (23% e 3,2% dos casos, respectivamente) e adultos de 20 a 39 anos (26% e 28%, respectivamente), principalmente mulheres. O maior percentual (54,6%) de casos de LV foi encontrado na área urbana, enquanto LTA ocorreu principalmente na área rural (63,2%). Indivíduos com maior escolaridade foram menos acometidos pela leishmaniose e dados de prognóstico revelaram boas chances de cura clínica, mas óbitos ainda são registrados. Esses dados mostram que ações preventivas de saúde devem ser desenvolvidas para impedir a disseminação da leishmaniose, reduzir seu impacto na saúde pública e restaurar a qualidade de vida da população. Este estudo pode ser útil na elaboração de estratégias para minimizar os impactos da leishmaniose.
Here, we provide an epidemiological analysis of leishmaniasis in Pernambuco, Brazil, from 2015 to 2019. Our results revealed 1,705 of American cutaneous leishmaniasis-ACL and 859 cases of visceral leishmaniasis-VL. VL and ACL affect children aged 14 years (23% and 3.2% of all cases, respectively) and adults aged 2039 years (26% and 28%, respectively), mainly women. The highest percentage (54.6%) of VL cases was found in urban areas, while ACL occurred mainly in rural areas (63.2%). Individuals with a higher level of education were less affected by leishmaniasis and data on prognosis revealed good chances of clinical cure, but deaths are still recorded. These data show that preventive health actions must be developed to hinder leishmaniasis spread, reduce its impact on public health, and restore the population's life quality. This study can be useful in further elaboration of strategies to minimize leishmaniasis impacts.
ABSTRACT
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici races 1, 2, and 3 deteriorate tomato crops since they cause a vascular wilt. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with hemagglutinating and antifungal activities. This work reports that Microgramma vacciniifolia rhizome lectin (MvRL) inhibits F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 growth (61 %) more intensely than of races 1 (55 %) and 2 (45 %). The hemagglutinating activity of MvRL was inhibited by glycoprotein preparations from mycelia of races 1, 2, and 3, and these data indicate that lectin carbohydrate-binding sites recognized glycosylated molecules from races. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker system showed that race 3 is genetically distinct from races 1 and 2, and thus the highest sensitiveness of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 to MvRL may be due to molecular characteristics of this race.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Ferns/chemistry , Fusarium/drug effects , Fusarium/genetics , Plant Lectins/pharmacology , Rhizome/chemistry , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Fungal Proteins/metabolism , Fusarium/growth & development , Genetic Variation , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
This work reports the isolation of Microgramma vaccinifolia rhizome lectin (MvRL) and the determination of electrochemical potentials of MvRL in the presence of Ca²âº, Mg²âº and human type O erythrocytes. MvRL showed the highest specific hemagglutinating activity with human type O erythrocytes and showed a single polypeptide band of 17 kDa on SDS-PAGE. MvRL hemagglutinating activity was neutralized after dialysis with EDTA, and addition of Ca²âº and Mg²âº restored the activity. Electrochemical potentials of MvRL in the presence of 100 mM Ca²âº (882 mV) and 60 mM Mg²âº (1051 mV) were higher (p<0.05) than in the presence of only 0.15 M NaCl (247 mV), indicating that the electrochemical system was sensitive to structural and physico-chemical changes promoted by these ions. MvRL potential did not change in the presence of type O erythrocytes. The electrochemical system was able to detect changes in electrochemical potentials of MvRL promoted by Ca²âº and Mg²âº, even in a complex environment (human serum supplemented with 40 and 60mM of these ions). The study reveals that the stimulatory effect of Ca²âº and Mg²âº on hemagglutinating activity may be linked to conformational change and/or alterations in surface charge distribution of MvRL.