Percutaneous mitral and tricuspid edge-to-edge repair as a bridge therapy to heart transplantation in advanced heart failure secondary to human immunodeficiency virus: a case report.

Background: Patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) and severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) are not eligible for heart transplant due to high mortality risk. Percutaneous interventions as edge-to-edge repair of the mitral/tricuspid valves are a safe and effective therapy as a bridge for transplantation in patients who have contraindications to heart transplantations (HTs). Case summary: A 44-year-old man with a previous diagnosis of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was admitted at the emergency room for exertional dyspnoea. He was diagnosed with a decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, and high probability of PH. He presented poor response to guided medical treatment, even after implantable cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D). He was listed for a cardiac transplant, but after right catheterization, he was not an ideal candidate for transplantation, so it was decided to undergo percutaneous mitral and tricuspid edge-to-edge repair as a bridge to transplantation. The post-operative course was uneventful, with significant improvement in New York Heart Association functional class. The patient underwent a successful heart transplant 10 months after the procedure. Discussion: In patients with advanced HF due to HIV, HT is an adequate treatment option. When there are functional mitral and tricuspid regurgitation and severe PH, despite optimal treatment according to current guidelines, percutaneous mitral and tricuspid repair therapy appears to be safe and effective for control of severe PH as a bridge measure for cardiac transplantation.

Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty.

Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) negatively impact the cardiovascular prognosis of patients undergoing coronary angioplasty due to coronary ischemic injury. The extent of coronary damage and the mechanisms of vascular repair are factors influencing the future development of MACEs. Intrinsic vascular features like the plaque characteristics and coronary artery complexity have demonstrated prognostic information for MACEs. However, the use of intracoronary circulating biomarkers has been postulated as a convenient method for the early identification and prognosis of MACEs, as they more closely reflect dynamic mechanisms involving coronary damage and repair. Determination of coronary circulating biomarkers during angioplasty, such as the number of subpopulations of mononuclear progenitor cells (MPCs) as well as the concentration of soluble molecules reflecting inflammation, cell adhesion, and repair, allows for assessment of future developments and the prognosis of MACEs 6 months post coronary angioplasty. This method is highlighted by its translational nature and better performance than peripheral blood circulating biomarkers regarding prediction of MACEs and its effect on the cardiovascular prognosis, which may be applied for risk stratification of patients with coronary artery disease undergoing angioplasty.

Coronary circulating mononuclear progenitor cells and soluble biomarkers in the cardiovascular prognosis after coronary angioplasty.

Currently, there are no confident prognostic markers in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing angioplasty. The present study aimed to explore whether basal coronary circulating Mononuclear Progenitor Cells (MPCs) and vascular injury biomarkers were related to development of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and may impact clinical prognosis. METHODS: The number of MPCs and soluble mediators such as IL-1ß, sICAM-1, MMP-9, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide were determined in coronary and peripheral circulation. Prognostic ability for MACEs occurring at 6 months follow up was assessed by time-to-event and event free survival estimations. RESULTS: Lower coronary circulating MPCs subpopulations CD45+ CD34+ , CD45+ CD34+ CD133+ CD184+ , lower MMP-9 and higher sICAM-1 significantly associated with MACEs presentation and showed prognostic ability; while peripheral blood increase in malondialdehyde and decreased superoxide dismutase were observed in patients with MACEs. CONCLUSION: Coronary concentration of biomarkers related with vascular repair, such as MPCs subpopulations and adhesion molecules, may predict MACEs and impact prognosis in patients with CAD undergoing angioplasty; whereas peripheral pro-oxidative condition may be also associated.

Stress induced cardiomyopathy due to a Mexican earthquake / Cardiomiopatía por estrés inducida por el terremoto en México

Abstract Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy mainly occurs in postmenopausal women, with or with- out cardiovascular disease, and is commonly associated with emotional or physical stress. After nearly 27 years of extensive efforts towards a better understanding of this disorder, current knowledge remains limited. Many people suffer post-traumatic stress, and this situation can be associated to stress cardiomyopathy. The case is presented of a female who suffers stress asso- ciated with the earthquake of 19 September 2017 in Mexico City, and arrived in the Emergency Department in cardiogenic shock.

Resumen La miocardiopatía de Takotsubo ocurre principalmente en mujeres posmenopáusicas con o sin enfermedad cardiovascular, y se asocia comúnmente con estrés emocional o físico. Después de casi 27 an˜os de esfuerzos extensos para una mejor comprensión de este trastorno, el conocimiento actual sigue siendo limitado. Muchas personas sufren estrés postraumático y esta situación puede estar asociada a la cardiomiopatía por estrés. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer que sufrió estrés relacionado con el pasado terremoto del 19 de septiembre en la Ciudad de México y llegó al servicio de urgencias en choque cardiogénico.

TAVI in Intermediate-risk patients: a review in purpose of a case / TAVI en pacientes de riesgo intermedio: una revisión a propósito de un caso

Abstract: Background: Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease worldwide. The prognosis is adverse without a valve replacement. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has proven to be an effective treatment in high-surgical risk patients. Recent trials have highlighted the non-inferiority of TAVI compared with open surgery in patients with intermediate surgical risk. Case report: A 76-year-old man with severe aortic stenosis and intermediate surgical risk (STS-PROM 4.8%) who underwent TAVI with no complications. Results: Hospital discharge was decided five days after the procedure and continued outpatient follow-up. After two years remains in NYHA functional class I with a normofunctional percutaneous prosthesis. Conclusion: As this clinical case shows, TAVI has proven to be an effective treatment in patients with aortic stenosis and intermediate surgical risk. This is the first experience in this type of patients reported in our country.(AU)

Resumen: Antecedentes: La estenosis aórtica es la valvulopatía más común en todo el mundo. El pronóstico es sombrío sin reemplazo valvular. La implantación valvular aórtica transcatéter (TAVI) ha demostrado ser un tratamiento eficaz en pacientes de alto riesgo quirúrgico. Ensayos muy recientes destacaron la no-inferioridad de TAVI en comparación con la cirugía abierta en pacientes con riesgo quirúrgico intermedio. Caso clínico: Se presenta un hombre de 76 años de edad con estenosis aórtica severa y riesgo quirúrgico intermedio (STS-PROM 4.8%), al que se realiza TAVI sin complicaciones. Resultados: El alta hospitalaria se decide cinco días después del procedimiento para continuar el seguimiento ambulatorio. Después de dos años, el seguimiento permanece en la clase funcional I de la NYHA con una prótesis percutánea normofuncional. Conclusión: Como muestra este caso clínico, TAVI ha demostrado ser un tratamiento eficaz en pacientes de riesgo quirúrgico intermedio. Ésta es la primera experiencia en el uso de esta tecnología en este tipo de pacientes reportada en nuestro país.(AU)

Stress induced cardiomyopathy due to a Mexican earthquake.

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy mainly occurs in postmenopausal women, with or without cardiovascular disease, and is commonly associated with emotional or physical stress. After nearly 27 years of extensive efforts towards a better understanding of this disorder, current knowledge remains limited. Many people suffer post-traumatic stress, and this situation can be associated to stress cardiomyopathy. The case is presented of a female who suffers stress associated with the earthquake of 19 September 2017 in Mexico City, and arrived in the Emergency Department in cardiogenic shock.

Percutaneous coronary intervention with bioabsorbable vascular scaffolds in anomalous origin of right coronary artery: case report / Intervención coronaria percutánea con stents bioabsorbibles en origen anómalo de la arteria coronaria derecha: reporte de caso

Abstract: Introduction: A case report describing the use of bio-absorbable vascular scaffolds in a patient with rare anomalous origin of right coronary artery. Case report: Male 71 years, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the inferior region wall, thrombolysis with tenecteplase, with reperfusion criteria. Coronary angiography: left coronary system without angiographic lesions, right coronary artery with a significant lesion in the middle segment. An elective percutaneous coronary intervention was performed using 2 bio-absorbable vascular scaffolds (Absorb 3.5 x 28 mm joined in proximal segment with an Absorb 3.5 x 23 mm), posterior review with optical coherence tomography. Results: Discharged 24 hours later, remaining asymptomatic at 6 months follow-up. Conclusion: In this case, the significant stenosis of the artery involved was treated with the implantation of two bio-absorbable vascular scaffolds, obtaining an appropriate outcome after six months follow-up. This is the first report of a patient with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery treated with bio-absorbable vascular scaffolds in Mexico.

Resumen: Introducción: Se trata de un caso clínico que describe el uso de stents bioabsorbibles en un paciente con origen anómalo de arteria coronaria derecha de rara presen­tación. Caso clínico: Hombre de 71 años, con antecedente de infarto del miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en la cara inferior, sometido a trombolisis con tenecteplase, presentando criterios de reperfusión. El angiograma coronario reporta el sistema coronario izquierdo sin lesiones significativas, así como la arteria coronaria derecha con una lesión significativa en el segmento proximal a medio. Se realizó una intervención coronaria percutánea electiva con dos stents bioabsorbibles (Absorb 3.5 x 28 mm el cual se empalmó en el segmento proximal con un Absorb 3.5 x 23 mm), revisión posterior con tomografía de coherencia óptica con adecuada aposición. Resultados: Egresado 24 horas más tarde, permaneciendo asintomático a los seis meses de seguimiento. Conclusión: En este caso, la estenosis significativa de la arteria involucrada fue tratada con la implantación de dos stents bioabsorbibles, con la obtención de un resultado clínico apropiado después de seis meses de seguimiento. Éste es el primer informe de un paciente con un origen anómalo de la arteria coronaria derecha tratado con stents bioabsorbibles en México.

Transcatheter transapical mitral valve-in-valve implantation: case report / Implantación transapical transcatéter de válvula protésica mitral (valve-in-valve): reporte de caso

Abstract: Introduction: The transcatheter mitral valve replacement has recently emerged as a new therapeutic tool in the field of structural interventionism, the experience is in an early stage of development and previously was nonexistent in our country. Case report: Woman of 85 years old, with mitral and aortic valve replacement with biological prosthesis 9 years ago, progresive deterioration of functional class, mitral dysfunction by pannus, with very high surgical risk, transcatheter transapical mitral "valve-in-valve" implantation is performed, being successful, with total remission of symptoms. Conclusions: This procedure can be performed with minimal morbidity and low mortality, clinical and hemodynamic results are favorable in the short and medium term, this is the first case reported in Mexico.

Resumen: Introducción: La sustitución de la válvula mitral percutánea ha surgido recientemente como una nueva herramienta terapéutica en el campo del intervencionismo estructural, la experiencia está en una etapa temprana de desarrollo y anteriormente era inexistente en nuestro país. Caso clínico: Mujer de 85 años de edad, con reemplazo valvular aórtico y mitral, con prótesis biológica hace nueve años, con deterioro progresivo de clase funcional. La mitral con disfunción de pannus, con muy alto riesgo quirúrgico. Se lleva a cabo la implantación mitral transapical transcatéter (valve-in-valve), exitosamente, con remisión total de síntomas. Conclusiones: Este procedimiento se puede realizar con una mínima morbilidad y baja mortalidad, los resultados clínicos y hemodinámicos son favorables en el corto y mediano plazos, este es el primer caso reportado en México.

[Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the thoracic aorta: endovascular treatment, hybrid or surgery. A review]. / Aneurisma de aorta torácica por úlcera aterosclerótica penetrante: tratamiento endovascular, hibrido o cirugía. Revisión.

The aortic aneurysm is part of the acute aortic syndromes (AAS). Aortic aneurysms have a weakened tunica media. Acute aneurysm expansion may herald rupture with high morbility and mortality. Five percent of AAS are diagnosed as pentetrating atherosclerotic ulcer which is an ulceration of an atherosclerotic lesion of the aorta that penetrates the internal elastic lamina and allows hematoma formation within the tunica media of the aortic wall. Endovascular treatment is an alternative to surgery and has provided an adequate rate of successful repair. There is another type of treatment which combines surgery and endovascular repair (the hybrid open-endovascular repair) which provides adequate results. The afford mention case is about a patient with a penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer. The hematoma that results from this ulcer extends and self-contains the aneurysm, with a high risk of rupture. We will also describe the aneurysm treatment options.

Aneurisma de aorta torácica por úlcera aterosclerótica penetrante: tratamiento endovascular, hibrido o cirugía: revisión / Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the thoracic aorta: endovascular treatment, hybrid or surgery: a review

The aortic aneurysm is part of the acute aortic syndromes (AAS). Aortic aneurysms have a weakened tunica media. Acute aneurysm expansion may herald rupture with high morbility and mortality. Five percent of AAS are diagnosed as pentetrating atherosclerotic ulcer which is an ulceration of an atherosclerotic lesion of the aorta that penetrates the internal elastic lamina and allows hematoma formation within the tunica media of the aortic wall. Endovascular treatment is an alternative to surgery and has provided an adequate rate of successful repair. There is another type of treatment which combines surgery and endovascular repair (the hybrid open-endovascular repair) which provides adequate results. The afford mention case is about a patient with a penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer. The hematoma that results from this ulcer extends and self-contains the aneurysm, with a high risk of rupture. We will also describe the aneurysm treatment options.