Study of neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios in type 2 diabetes mellitus

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are potential inflammatory biomarkers for prognostic analysis in several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study analyzed NLR and PLR as possible T2DM biomarkers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a secondary database that included laboratory test results from two healthcare units in Goiânia, GO, Brazil, between 2015 and 2016. The participants were normoglycemic (NG), prediabetic (preDM), and had controlled DM (CDM) and uncontrolled DM (UDM). NLR and PLR were compared between study groups according to sex and age group. NLR was higher in group UDM than preDM (1.88 vs. 1.62, p <0.05) and lower in group preDM than NG (1.62 vs. 1.80, p <0.05). NG women aged ≥65 years were six times more likely to present PLR ≤91.83 than preDM ones (OR: 6.34; CI: 1.98 - 20.55; sensitivity = 41.5%, PPV = 84.6, and LR + = 4.15). NG men aged <65 years were almost four times more likely to present PLR ≤120 (OR: 3.64; CI: 1.21 - 10.89; sensitivity = 80%, PPV = 37.7, and LR + 1.53) than preDM ones. NLR and PLR increases are directly proportional to DM severity, except for group preDM compared to NG for NLR values. These biomarkers can help estimate T2DM prognosis.

Redução de doações de sangue: a importância da doação de campanha em Goiânia, Estado de Goiás, Brasil / Reduction in blood donations: the importance of campaing donation in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

Analisar as tendências das doações de sangue no Hemocentro do Estado de Goiás (HEMOGO), Brasil, considerando as campanhas de incentivo e as infecções transmissíveis por transfusão. Estudo retrospectivo das doações de sangue entre 2010-2016. Os doadores foram agrupados em categorias autóloga, voluntária, de reposição e de campanha. Houve 149.983 doações com redução de 29% (p <0,05). As doações por homens, com idade entre 18 e 29 anos e com menor escolaridade diminuíram (p <0,05) ao longo do tempo. Quase 50% das doações eram da categoria voluntária, 30% de campanha, 18% de reposição e 1% de outras categorias. As doações da campanha diminuíram 5,02% (p <0,05) entre 2010 a 2016. A prevalência de infecções transmitidas por transfusão (ITT) foi de 3,71% e a chance de doadores de campanha terem ITT foi menor (OR = 0,8628; IC: 0,8126 - 0,9161; p <0,0001). Os resultados mostraram uma redução nas doações de sangue, influenciadas principalmente por uma diminuição nas doações da campanha.

To analyze the trends of blood donations in a public blood center of Goias, Brazil (HEMOGO ­ Hemocentro do Estado de Goiás), considering incentive campaigns and transfusion transmissible infection. Retrospective study of the blood donations between 2010-2016. Donors were grouped into autologous, voluntary, replacement and campaign categories. There were 149,983 donations with a reduction of 29% (p<0.05) in the investigated period. Donations by males, aging between 18 and 29 years old, and those with a lower level of education decreased (p<0.05) over time. Almost 50% of donations were from the voluntary category, 30% from campaing, 18% from replacement and 1% from other categories. The campaign donations decreased 5.02% (p<0.05) during the 2010 to 2016. The prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI) was 3.71% and the chance of campaign donors having TTI was lower (OR = 0.8628; CI: 0.8126 - 0.9161; p<0.0001). The results showed a significant reduction in the number of blood donations mainly influenced by a decrease in campaign donations.

Prevalence and trends in transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors in Brazil from 2010 to 2016

ABSTRACT Background: Assessing trends in the rate of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) in blood donors is critical to the monitoring of the blood supply safety and the donor screening effectiveness. The objective of this study was to conduct a trend analysis of TTIs and associated demographic factors of donors at a public blood bank in the central Brazil. Methods: A retrospective analysis (2010-2016) of blood donation data was performed to determine the prevalence of markers for TTIs. Multinomial and multivariate logistic regression were used to verify the association between the explanatory variables and TTIs. The trend was evaluated with the Prais Winsten's regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of TTIs was 4.04% (5,553 donors) among 137,209 donors, with a steady trend in the analyzed period. The seroprevalence for the hepatitis B virus (HBV), syphilis, hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Chagas disease, and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) were 1.63%, 0.87%, 0.46%, 0.21%, 0.21% and 0.09%, respectively. The prevalence of HBV decreased (b = −0.021, p < 0.001), while syphilis increased (b = 0.112; p = 0.001), during the period investigated. The probability for a positive test for TTI was higher among donors with a low level of education, aged ≥30 years old, without stable marital status, and first-time donors. Conclusions: Even with the reduction in HBV, the increased rate of syphilis may have contributed to the fact that the overall rate of TTIs did not decrease in the evaluated period.

Prevalence and trends in transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors in Brazil from 2010 to 2016.

BACKGROUND: Assessing trends in the rate of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) in blood donors is critical to the monitoring of the blood supply safety and the donor screening effectiveness. The objective of this study was to conduct a trend analysis of TTIs and associated demographic factors of donors at a public blood bank in the central Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective analysis (2010-2016) of blood donation data was performed to determine the prevalence of markers for TTIs. Multinomial and multivariate logistic regression were used to verify the association between the explanatory variables and TTIs. The trend was evaluated with the Prais Winsten's regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of TTIs was 4.04% (5,553 donors) among 137,209 donors, with a steady trend in the analyzed period. The seroprevalence for the hepatitis B virus (HBV), syphilis, hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Chagas disease, and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) were 1.63%, 0.87%, 0.46%, 0.21%, 0.21% and 0.09%, respectively. The prevalence of HBV decreased (b = -0.021, p <  0.001), while syphilis increased (b = 0.112; p =  0.001), during the period investigated. The probability for a positive test for TTI was higher among donors with a low level of education, aged ≥30 years old, without stable marital status, and first-time donors. CONCLUSIONS: Even with the reduction in HBV, the increased rate of syphilis may have contributed to the fact that the overall rate of TTIs did not decrease in the evaluated period.

Psychoactive substances and sexually transmitted infections among military police officers from central- western, brazil / Substâncias psicoativas e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em servidores da força policial do centro-oeste, Brasil

The aim of this work was to evaluate the profile of military police officers regarding the use of psychoactive substances and the presence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI). Cross-sectional study carried out with military police officers in 2015 in the central-western, Brazil. The ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) questionnaire was applied to investigate the use of psychoactive substances and serology was performed for syphilis, viral B and C hepatitis and HIV. Cronbach's alpha and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were employed. The ASSIST presented alpha coefficients of Cronbach almost perfect for tobacco (α=0.83) and substantial for the use of alcohol (α=0.70). Of 657 police officers, 78.5% consumed psychoactive substances at some point in their lives, with 76.7% alcohol, 28.5% tobacco, and 5.2% illegal psychoactive substances. A short intervention was required for 23.3% of police officers who used psychoactive substances, and 1.4% should be referred for treatment. Tobacco use was strongly associated with the use of more than one psychoactive substances in life (φ=0.9327), and the use of marijuana showed a moderate correlation with cocaine/crack (φ=0.5241). The prevalence of STI was 14.0%, being 7.6% for HBV, 6.8% syphilis, 0.5% HIV, and 0.3% HCV. HBV/syphilis and HBV/HIV co-infection were observed in 1.1% and 0.1%, respectively. There was no correlation between STI and use of psychoactive substances. The prevalence of HBV and syphilis was higher among police officers than in the general population. The ASSIST questionnaire was consistent when applied to this group and can be a significant tool for monitoring and decision making for timely intervention.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil dos policiais militares quanto ao uso de substâncias psicoativas e a presença de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST). Estudo transversalrealizado com policiais militares em 2015 no centro-oeste do Brasil. O questionário ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) foi aplicado para investigar o uso de substâncias psicoativas e foi realizada sorologia para sífilis, Hepatites virais, B e C ,e HIV. O alfa de Cronbach e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foram empregados. O ASSIST apresentou coeficientes alfa de Cronbach quase perfeitos para o tabaco (α=0,83) e substancial para o uso de álcool (α=0,70). Dos 657 policiais, 78,5% usaram alguma substância psicoativa em algum momento da vida, sendo 76,7% álcool, 28,5% tabaco e 5,2% substâncias ilícitas. Uma intervenção breve foi necessária para 23,3% dos policiais que usavam substâncias psicoativas, e 1,4% deveriam ser encaminhados para tratamento. O uso de tabaco foi fortemente associado ao uso de mais de uma substância psicoativa na vida (φ=0,9327), e o uso de maconha mostrou uma correlação moderada com a cocaína/crack (φ=0,5241). A prevalência de IST foi de 14,0%, sendo 7,6% para HBV, 6,8% sífilis, 0,5% HIV e 0,3% HCV. A coinfecção HBV/sífilis e HBV/HIV foi observada em 1,1% e 0,1%, respectivamente. Não houve correlação entre IST e uso de substâncias psicoativas. A prevalência de HBV e sífilis foi maior entre policiais do que na população geral. O questionário ASSIST mostrou-se consistente quando aplicado a este grupo e pode ser uma ferramenta importante para monitoramento e tomada de decisão para intervenção oportuna.

Comparison of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios as possible parameters of systemic inflammation in hyperglycemic and normoglycemic subjects. METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of data collected from patients tested for fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood count on the same day, between July and December 2016. Patients were divided into hyperglycemic and normoglycemic, and matched by age and sex. The data were analyzed using Epi Info™, version 7.2.1.0, for the Windows® platform. RESULTS: We enrolled 278 subjects, 139 hyperglycemic and 139 normoglycemic. The absolute number of leukocytes and neutrophils was higher in the Hyperglycemic Group (p=0.006 and p=0.004, respectively). There was no difference in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio between the Hyperglycemic Group and the Normoglycemic Group (2.1 versus 2.0; p=0.264), and both neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios showed no differences between those with HbA1c ≥7% (n=127, p=0.778) and those with HbA1c <7% (n=12, p=0.490). In contrast, the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was lower in the Hyperglycemic Group (117.8 versus 129.6; p=0.007). CONCLUSION: Hyperglycemic subjects had a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio similar to that of normoglycemic subjects, but had a lower platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Future prospective studies will be useful to determine the importance and prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in the hyperglycemic state.

Comparison of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic subjects / Comparação das razões neutrófilo-linfócito e plaqueta-linfócito de indivíduos normoglicêmicos e hiperglicêmicos

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios as possible parameters of systemic inflammation in hyperglycemic and normoglycemic subjects. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of data collected from patients tested for fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood count on the same day, between July and December 2016. Patients were divided into hyperglycemic and normoglycemic, and matched by age and sex. The data were analyzed using Epi Info™, version 7.2.1.0, for the Windows® platform. Results: We enrolled 278 subjects, 139 hyperglycemic and 139 normoglycemic. The absolute number of leukocytes and neutrophils was higher in the Hyperglycemic Group (p=0.006 and p=0.004, respectively). There was no difference in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio between the Hyperglycemic Group and the Normoglycemic Group (2.1 versus 2.0; p=0.264), and both neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios showed no differences between those with HbA1c ≥7% (n=127, p=0.778) and those with HbA1c <7% (n=12, p=0.490). In contrast, the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was lower in the Hyperglycemic Group (117.8 versus 129.6; p=0.007). Conclusion: Hyperglycemic subjects had a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio similar to that of normoglycemic subjects, but had a lower platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Future prospective studies will be useful to determine the importance and prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in the hyperglycemic state.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a razão neutrófilo-linfócito e a razão plaqueta-linfócito como possíveis parâmetros de inflamação sistêmica em indivíduos hiperglicêmicos e normoglicêmicos. Métodos: Estudo transversal retrospectivo, em que foram coletados dados dos pacientes que realizaram glicemia em jejum, hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) e hemograma na mesma data, entre julho e dezembro de 2016. Os pacientes foram divididos em um Grupo Hiperglicêmico e um Grupo Normoglicêmico, pareados por idade e sexo. Os dados foram analisados no Epi Info™, versão 7.2.1.0, em plataforma Windows®. Resultados: Foram incluídos 278 indivíduos, sendo 139 hiperglicêmicos e 139 normoglicêmicos. O número absoluto de leucócitos e neutrófilos foi maior no Grupo Hiperglicêmico (p=0,006 e p=0,004, respectivamente). Não houve diferença da razão neutrófilo-linfócito entre o Grupo Hiperglicêmico e o Grupo Normoglicêmico (2,1 versus 2,0; p=0,264), assim como a razão neutrófilo-linfócito e razão plaqueta-linfócito não apresentou diferença entre aqueles com HbA1c ≥7% (n=127) e com HbA1c <7% (n=12; p=0,778 e p=0,490). Contrariamente, a razão plaqueta-linfócito mostrou-se menor no Grupo Hiperglicêmico (117,8 versus 129,6; p=0,007). Conclusão: Indivíduos hiperglicêmicos apresentaram razão neutrófilo-linfócito semelhante a dos normoglicêmicos, mas tiveram razão plaqueta-linfócito menor. Pesquisas futuras, de modo prospectivo, seriam úteis para analisar a importância e o valor prognóstico da razão neutrófilo-linfócito e da razão plaqueta-linfócito no estado hiperglicêmico.

Red blood cell alloimmunization among hospitalized patients: transfusion reactions and low alloantibody identification rate.

BACKGROUND: Unexpected red blood cell alloantibodies can cause hemolytic transfusion reactions. In this study, the prevalence of alloimmunization, the rate of identification of alloantibodies and the rate of blood transfusion reactions among transfused patients were identified in a clinical emergency hospital in Brazil. METHODS: Transfusions and clinical records of patients who had a positive indirect antiglobulin test between January and December 2013 were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 1169 patients who received blood transfusions, 28 had positive indirect antiglobulin tests, with one patient having two positive tests at different times, resulting in 29 positive tests during the period of this study. Alloantibodies were identified in 58.6% (17/29) of the cases. In 27.5% (8/29), identification was inconclusive and it was not possible to confirm alloimmunization. The rate of red blood cell alloimmunization was 1.71% (21/1169). Of 21 cases of alloimmunization, four (19%) were unidentified due to an unusual agglutination profile. All identified alloantibodies were clinically significant (10/17 anti-Rh, 5/17 anti-Kell and 2/17 anti-MNS). In two patients who had positive indirect antiglobulin tests, one had an unidentified alloantibody, and the other had an inconclusive test and developed a hemolytic transfusion reaction. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of clinically important red blood cell alloantibodies and hemolytic transfusion reactions among patients with unidentified alloantibodies suggests that specific laboratory techniques should be performed to identify alloantibodies in cases of pan-reactivity or autoantibodies to improve transfusion safety.

Red blood cell alloimmunization among hospitalized patients: transfusion reactions and low alloantibody identification rate

ABSTRACT Background: Unexpected red blood cell alloantibodies can cause hemolytic transfusion reactions. In this study, the prevalence of alloimmunization, the rate of identification of alloantibodies and the rate of blood transfusion reactions among transfused patients were identified in a clinical emergency hospital in Brazil. Methods: Transfusions and clinical records of patients who had a positive indirect antiglobulin test between January and December 2013 were analyzed. Results: Of 1169 patients who received blood transfusions, 28 had positive indirect antiglobulin tests, with one patient having two positive tests at different times, resulting in 29 positive tests during the period of this study. Alloantibodies were identified in 58.6% (17/29) of the cases. In 27.5% (8/29), identification was inconclusive and it was not possible to confirm alloimmunization. The rate of red blood cell alloimmunization was 1.71% (21/1169). Of 21 cases of alloimmunization, four (19%) were unidentified due to an unusual agglutination profile. All identified alloantibodies were clinically significant (10/17 anti-Rh, 5/17 anti-Kell and 2/17 anti-MNS). In two patients who had positive indirect antiglobulin tests, one had an unidentified alloantibody, and the other had an inconclusive test and developed a hemolytic transfusion reaction. Conclusion: The prevalence of clinically important red blood cell alloantibodies and hemolytic transfusion reactions among patients with unidentified alloantibodies suggests that specific laboratory techniques should be performed to identify alloantibodies in cases of pan-reactivity or autoantibodies to improve transfusion safety.

Razões neutrófilos/linfócitos e plaquetas/linfócitos em pacientes diabéticos com ou sem disfunção renal / Neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios in diabetic patients with or without renal dysfunction

OBJETIVOS: Comparar a razão neutrófilos/linfócitos (RNL) e a razão plaquetas/linfócitos (RPL) entre pacientes com e sem diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e entre pacientes diabéticos com e sem disfunção renal. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal retrospectivo realizado no Laboratório de Análises Clínicas do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás entre janeiro e dezembro de 2016. Foram incluídos no estudo os dados dos pacientes com idade maior ou igual a 40 anos. Aqueles com glicemia casual ≥200mg/dL e/ou hemoglobina glicada ≥6,5% formaram o grupo diabético, e aqueles que não apresentavam esses critérios para diabetes formaram o grupo controle, sendo pareados por idade e sexo. O grupo diabético foi classificado em um grupo com dano renal e outro sem dano renal, de acordo com a microalbuminúria de 24 horas. Os cálculos para RNL e RPL foram realizados a partir do número absoluto de neutrófilos, linfócitos e plaquetas, e foram comparadas as medianas. RESULTADOS: Um total de 122 indivíduos foi incluído no estudo, entre os quais 52,5% tinham entre 40 e 64 anos de idade e 63,9% eram do sexo masculino. A mediana da RNL foi de 2,1 (mín. 0,8 -máx. 5,3) no grupo diabético e de 1,9 (mín. 0,6 -máx. 6,2) no grupo controle (p=0,16). A mediana da RPL foi de 120,5 (mín. 63,5 -máx. 206,6) no grupo diabético e de 119,7 (mín. 40,4 -máx. 215,1) no grupo controle (p=0,19). Considerando a faixa etária, não houve diferença das medianas de RNL e RPL entre o grupo de diabéticos e o grupo controle, entretanto a da RNL foi maior para indivíduos com 65 anos ou mais, independentemente de serem diabéticos (mediana 2,2; mín. 1,0 -máx. 3,8; p=0,0144) ou não (mediana 2,4; mín. 0,9 -máx. 3,6; p=0,0019). Dentre os participantes, 38 pacientes apresentavam dano renal, sendo 24 (63,1%) do grupo diabético e 14 (36,9%) do grupo controle. As medianas da RNL e da RPL foram semelhantes entre os pacientes diabéticos com dano renal, diabéticos sem dano renal e grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: A RNL e a RPL foram semelhantes entre o grupo diabético e o grupo controle, assim como entre diabéticos com ou sem dano renal. A RNL foi maior para indivíduos com 65 anos ou mais, independentemente de serem diabéticos ou não.

AIMS: To compare the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) between patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and between diabetic patients with and without renal dysfunction. METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed at the Laboratory of Clinical Analyzes of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Goiás between January and December 2016. Data from patients aged 40 years or older were included in the study. Those with a blood glucose ≥200mg / dL and/or glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5% formed the diabetic group, and those who did not present these criteria for diabetes formed the control group, being matched by age and sex. The diabetic group was classified in one group with renal damage and another without renal damage, according to the 24-hour microalbuminuria. Calculations for NLR and PLR were performed from the absolute number of neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets, and the medians were compared. RESULTS: A total of 122 subjects were included in the study, among which 52.5% were between 40 and 64 years of age and 63.9% were male. The median NLR was 2.1 (min 0.8-max 5.3) in the diabetic group and 1.9 (min 0.6-max 6.2) in the control group (p=0.16). The median PLR was 120.5 (min 63.5-max 206.6) in the diabetic group and 119.7 (min 40.4-max 215.1) in the control group (p=0.19). Considering the age group, there was no difference in the median NLR or PLR among the diabetic group and the control group; however, the NLR was higher for individuals 65 years of age or older, regardless of whether they were diabetic (median 2.2, min 1.0-max 3.8, p=0.01) or not (median 2.4, min 0.9-max 3.6, p=0.001). Among the participants, 38 patients presented renal damage, 24 (63.1%) of the diabetic group and 14 (36.9%) of the control group. The median NLR and PLR were similar among diabetic patients with renal damage, diabetics without renal damage and control group. CONCLUSIONS: NLR and PLR were similar between the diabetic group and the control group, as well as among diabetics with or without renal damage. RNL was higher for individuals 65 years of age or older, regardless of whether they were diabetic or not.

Obesity, hypertension and diabetes among truck drivers in the middle-west, Brazil / Obesidade, hipertensão e diabetes em caminhoneiros no centro-oeste, Brasil

A high prevalence of overweight and obesity has been observed among professional drivers. An increased risk of hypertension and obesity may be related to the stress of driving long hours. This work aimed to evaluate the glucose level, blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) in truck drivers. Long distance truck drivers were recruited at a gas station in Goias State, Brasil, between April 2014 and June 2014. A cross-sectional questionnaire was applied. Random glucose test, blood pressure and body weight were evaluated and body mass index was calculated. Statistic analyses were performed by the software EPI INFO 7.0. The level of significance was set at 5% (p0.05). A total of 155 male long distance truck drivers was included in the study, 78.1% (121/155) said to be sedentary, 30.3% (47/155) were current smokers, 51% (79/155) were using alcoholic beverages with frequency and 58.3% (91/155) did not have a healthy eating. Almost 40% (61/155) were hypertensive (>13 x >8 MmHg), hyperglycemia (>200 mg/dL) was detected in 11.0% (17/155) and 80% (123/155) were obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2). Approximately 90% of hypertensive truck drivers had high BMI (p<0,05) and 81% with high BMI were sedentary (p<0,05). It is concluded that, the majority of truck drivers in this study had sedentary lifestyle associated with high prevalence of overweight and obesity. High BMI was directly associated with hypertension.

A alta prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade foi observada entre os motoristas profissionais. Um risco aumentado de hipertensão e obesidade pode estar relacionada com a longa jornada de trabalho. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o índice de massa corporal (IMC), o nível de glicose e a pressão arterial em motoristas de caminhão. Os motoristas de caminhão de longa distância foram recrutados em um posto de combustível, no Estado de Goiás, Brasil, entre abril de 2014 e junho de 2014. Um questionário foi aplicado. Foram realizados o teste de glicose ao acaso, aferição da pressão arterial, peso corporal e calculado o índice de massa corporal. As Análises estatísticas foram realizadas pelo programa EPI INFO 7.0. O nível de significância foi fixado em 5% (p0,05). Foram incluídos no estudo um total de 155 motoristas de caminhão de longa distância do sexo masculino, 78,1% (121/155) disseram que eram sedentários, 30,3% (47/155) eram fumantes atuais, 51% (79/155) estavam usando bebidas alcoólicas com frequência e 58,3% (91/155) não têm uma alimentação saudável. Cerca de 40% (61/155) eram hipertensos (> 13 x > 8 mmHg), 11,6% (18/155) tinham hiperglicemia (> 200 mg / dL), e 80% (123/155) eram obesos (IMC < 25 kg / m2). Aproximadamente 90% dos motoristas de caminhão hipertensos apresentaram IMC elevado (p <0,05) e 81% com IMC elevado eram sedentários (p <0,05). Concluímos que a maioria dos caminhoneiros estudados tinham estilo de vida sedentário associado a alta prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade. O IMC elevado foi diretamente associado com a hipertensão.

Resultados citopatológicos de mulheres que realizaram exame do colo do útero em um laboratório escola da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO: estudo de prevalência / Cytopathological results from women that realized the examination of cervix in a laboratory-school from Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia-GO: prevalence study

Objetivo - Avaliar a prevalência de câncer de colo do útero e infecções genitais em mulheres atendidas no serviço de saúde pública de Goiânia-GO. O exame de Papanicolaou é o método utilizado para detecção das lesões intraepiteliais e neoplásicas da cérvice uterina, tendo importante papel na prevenção do câncer do colo do útero e no diagnóstico das infecções genitais. Métodos - Estudo retrospectivo dos laudos dos exames citopatológicos das mulheres atendidas nas Unidades de Atenção Básica em Saúde (UABS) de Goiânia-GO, entre 03/2006 a 05/2008. Os esfregaços citológicos foram analisados no Centro de Análises Clínicas Rômulo Rocha da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Goiás (CACRR/FF/UFG). Resultados - Um total de 15.615 mulheres foi incluído no estudo. A mediana de idade foi de 33 anos (14-93 anos), a maioria (57,6%) tinha entre 20 e 39 anos e 6,6% (n=1.034) eram < 20 anos de idade. Mais de 50% dos casos de infecção entre adultas e adolescentes eram causados por Gardnerella vaginalis e 13,6% por Trichomonas vaginalis. Entre mulheres mais jovens (20-39 anos),16,9% das infecções foi causada por Candida sp. Aproximadamente 7,6% dos esfregaços avaliados apresentaram alterações celulares, sendo 4,9% células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado/lesão intraepitelial escamosa de baixo grau (ASC-US/LSIL) para as mulheres entre 20-29 anos e 2,6% células escamosas atípicas com possível lesão de alto grau/lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau e células glandulares atípicas (ASC-H/+) para mulheres entre 20 e 49 anos. Conclusão - Lesões graves em mulheres jovens chamam atenção para a necessidade de políticas de saúde pública que reforcem a importância do Papanicolaou para a prevenção do colo de útero.

Objective - To correlate the prevalence of cervical cancer and genital infections with the age of women treated at public health service of Goiânia-GO. Papanicolaou test is the method used for detection of intraepithelial and neoplastic lesions in the uterine cervix, playing an important role in cervical cancer prevention and helping in female genital infections'diagnosis. Methods - Women's cytopathological tests were analyzed at Health Care Units from Goiânia-GO, between 03/2006 and 05/2008. Smears were analyzed at Clinical Analysis Laboratory Rômulo Rocha, at Pharmacy Faculty of the Federal University of Goiás. Results - The total of 15.615 women were included in this study. The median age was 33 years (14-93 years), 57.6% were between 20 and 39 years of age and 6.6% were adolescents <20 years of age. More than 50% of cases of infection among adults and adolescents were caused by Gardnerella vaginalis, followed by 13.6% by Trichomonas vaginalis and to 16.9% by Candida sp. Approximately, 7.6% of smears evaluated showed cellular alterations, and 4.9% atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance/squamous intraepithelial lesion of low grade (ASC-US/LSIL) for women aged 20-29 years and 2.6% atypical squamous cells can damage high-grade/squamous intraepithelial lesion high-grade and atypical glandular cells (ASC-H/+) for women aged 20-49 years. Conclusion - Serious injuries in young women draw attention to the need for public health policies that reinforce the importance of the Papanicolaou test for cervical cancer prevention.

Sífilis em gestantes atendidas em uma unidade de saúde pública de Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil / Syphilis in pregnant women attending a public health unit in Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil

A sifilis congenita, por ser considerada importante causa de morbimortalidade perinatal e resultar em sequelas ao neonato, tornou-se uma doenca de notificacao compulsoria no Brasil e meta de erradicacao. Portanto, visando diagnosticar casos de sifilis entre gestantes da rede publica de Anapolis-Goias e avaliar o perfil socioeconomico das mesmas, aplicou-se um questionario e coletou-se sangue para realizacao do VDRL nas gestantes da Unidade de Saude do Progresso. A amostragem foi composta por 59 gestantes com idade media de 23 anos, casadas, com residencia propria e consideravel nivel de instrucao. Foram identificadas 44,1% de gestantes no primeiro trimestre gestacional, sendo que 49,2% nao relatavam teste anterior para a infeccao e 35,6% desconheciam sua sorologiapara HIV/AIDS. A frequencia da utilizacao de preservativos e o conhecimento geral sobre a sifilis mostraram-se insatisfatorios. Apenas uma gestante foi soro-reagente puro no VDRL. Os dados da Secretaria Municipal de Saude e do SINAN sobre a sifilis congenita apresentaram divergencias (p<0,05). Portanto, torna-se evidente a necessidade de fortalecer a vigilancia epidemiologica do municipio,atraves da implementacao de medidas capazes de prevenir a sifilis congenita e erradica-la.

The congenital syphilis, for being considered an important cause of newborn morbidity and mortality, became an illness of obligatory notification in Brazil and purpose of eradication of the Health department. Therefore, aiming at to diagnosis cases of gestational syphilis in women attended in a public unit at Anápolis city-Goiás and to evaluate the socioeconomic profile of them, it was applied a socioeconomic questionnaire to the pregnants and collected a blood sample to make the non-treponemic test (VDRL - Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory) for diagnosis of syphilis. The group of study was composed by 59 pregnant women with averageage 23 years, married, with own residence, and a good educational level. 44.1% of pregnants were in the first trimester of gestational age, 49.2% of those ones had never carried through previous test for the infection and 35.6% were unaware of their HIV serology. Among them the frequency of use of condoms was very low, as well as the common knowledge of syphilis. A pregnant was identified as pure serum-reagent in test VDRL. The data gotten in the City department of Health on of notification of congenital syphilishad shown different when compared with the data of the referring SINAN. Therefore, becomes evident the necessity to improve the epidemiological vigilance through the implementation of capable measures to prevent congenital syphilis and to promote its eradication.