Sex and Gender Appraisal Tool-Systematic Reviews-2 and Participation-To-Prevalence Ratio assessed to whom the evidence applies in sepsis reviews.

OBJECTIVES: To revise a sex and gender appraisal tool for systematic reviews (SGAT-SR) and apply it to Cochrane sepsis reviews. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The revision process was informed by existing literature on sex, gender, intersectionality, and feedback from an expert advisory board. We revised the items to consider additional factors associated with health inequities and appraised sex and gender considerations using the SGAT-SR-2 and female Participation-to-Prevalence Ratio (PPR) in Cochrane sepsis reviews. RESULTS: SGAT-SR-2 consists of 19 questions appraising the review's sections and use of the terms sex and gender. amongst 71 SRs assessed, 50.7% included at least one tool item, the most frequent being the number of participants by sex or gender at included study-level (24/71 reviews). Only four reviews provided disaggregated data for the full set of included trials, while two considered other equity-related factors. Reviews rarely appraised possible similarities and differences across sex and gender. In half of a subset of reviews, female participants were under-represented relative to their share of the sepsis population (PPR<0.8). CONCLUSION: The SGAT-SR-2 tool and the PPR can support the design and appraisal of systematic reviews to assess sex and gender considerations, address to whom evidence applies, and determine future research needs.

Carcinoma de células de Merkel: estudio descriptivo de 11 casos / Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Description of 11 Cases

El carcinoma de células de Merkel (CCM) es una neoplasia neuroendocrina maligna. Con frecuencia existe diseminación ganglionar o metástasis al diagnóstico. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los pacientes con CMM del Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón entre enero/1998 y diciembre/2018. En 21 años diagnosticamos 11 pacientes con CCM: 7 varones (63%) y 4 mujeres (36%), con una edad media de 77,6 años. El 45% de los pacientes presentaron un estadio IIIB (pTNM) al diagnóstico. Todos los pacientes menos uno, fueron subsidiarios de cirugía local, identificándose en 7 casos invasión linfovascular. Tras la cirugía, 5 pacientes recibieron radioterapia adyuvante y 3 quimioterapia adyuvante. El 54% fallecieron por el tumor (tiempo medio supervivencia: 14,5 meses). El CCM es una neoplasia maligna infrecuente cuya incidencia se sitúa en 0,18-0,41 casos/100.000 habitantes/año, similar a los 0,29-0,32 casos/100.000 habitantes/año registrados en nuestra serie. Recientemente ha sido aprobado avelumab para casos metastásicos con esperanzas prometedoras

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a malignant neuroendocrine tumor. Metastasis or lymph node spread is often detected at diagnosis. We performed a descriptive, retrospective study of patients diagnosed with MMC at Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón in the Community of Madrid, Spain between January 1998 and December 2018. Eleven patients (7 men [63%] and 4 women [36%]; mean age, 77.6 years) were diagnosed with MCC during this 21-year period; 45% of patients had stage IIIB disease (pTNM) at diagnosis. All patients but one underwent local surgery, and lymphovascular invasion was detected in 7 cases. Eight patients received adjuvant therapy after surgery (radiation therapy in 5 cases and chemotherapy in 3). Six patients (54%) died of MCC (mean survival, 14.5 months). MCC is an uncommon malignant tumor with an annual incidence of around 0.18 to 0.41 cases per 100 000 inhabitants; this is similar to the rate of 0.29 to 0.32 cases per 100 000 inhabitants a year detected in our series. Results with avelumab, a drug recently approved for the treatment of metastatic MCC; have been promising

Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Description of 11 Cases. / Carcinoma de células de Merkel: estudio descriptivo de 11 casos.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a malignant neuroendocrine tumor. Metastasis or lymph node spread is often detected at diagnosis. We performed a descriptive, retrospective study of patients diagnosed with MMC at Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón in the Community of Madrid, Spain between January 1998 and December 2018. Eleven patients (7 men [63%] and 4 women [36%]; mean age, 77.6 years) were diagnosed with MCC during this 21-year period; 45% of patients had stage IIIB disease (pTNM) at diagnosis. All patients but one underwent local surgery, and lymphovascular invasion was detected in 7 cases. Eight patients received adjuvant therapy after surgery (radiation therapy in 5 cases and chemotherapy in 3). Six patients (54%) died of MCC (mean survival, 14.5 months). MCC is an uncommon malignant tumor with an annual incidence of around 0.18 to 0.41 cases per 100 000 inhabitants; this is similar to the rate of 0.29 to 0.32 cases per 100 000 inhabitants a year detected in our series. Results with avelumab, a drug recently approved for the treatment of metastatic MCC; have been promising.

[Seroprevalence of antibodies against measles virus in Galicia: trends during the last ten years depending on age and sex]. / Seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente al virus del sarampión en Galicia: tendencias durante los últimos diez años en función de la edad y sexo.

OBJECTIVE: In 1998, the Europe Region of the World Health Organization set the goal of eliminating measles. In this study, the prevalence of immunity against measles virus in the population of the health area of Santiago de Compostela was analyzed based on data obtained between 2008-2018. METHODS: A total of 7,150 different patients were studied and divided into groups according to their year of birth: 2010-2017, 2000-2009, 1990-1999, 1980-1989, 1953-1979 and <1953. The serum determination of IgG against measles virus was performed using a commercialized chemiluminescent immunoassay. RESULTS: A minimum (76%) was observed for measles virus protection rates in those born between 1990-1999. By age group it was seen that in all groups the women presented a higher percentage of antibodies against measles. In a logistic regression model with year of birth and sex, an odds ratio of 1.06 (p<0.001) was obtained for the year of birth and of 0.82 (p=0.0013) for sex. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed lower seroprevalences from the implantation of the vaccine and a more pronounced change during the implantation period. From the vaccination plan for measles of the year 2000 in Galicia, the rates of protection against the virus of the measles have been increasing in our area. Although there is a greater proportion of women protected against men, these differences are small.

Para avanzar en el conocimiento de la seguridad del paciente: a propósito de la biblioteca breve de seguridad del paciente / To promote knowledge on patient safety: the case of the Biblioteca Breve de Seguridad del Paciente(Brief Patient Safety Library)

FUNDAMENTOS: En el marco de la Estrategia de Seguridad del Paciente 2015-2020 la Consejería de Sanidad de la Comunidad de Madrid desarrolló dos líneas de actuación para consolidar la cultura de seguridad a través de la difusión del conocimiento científico en Seguridad del Paciente. El objetivo principal fue identificar, difundir y mejorar el acceso a la información relevante en seguridad del paciente a pacientes-ciudadanos, profesionales y a la propia organización mediante un catálogo de recursos accesible en internet e intranet. MÉTODOS: Tras un análisis de las herramientas y canales de comunicación disponibles para difundir el conocimiento en seguridad del paciente, se seleccionaron las referencias de interés por un grupo de expertos, se desarrolló una herramienta de consulta en un formato navegable en internet y se realizaron distintas acciones de difusión para darla a conocer. RESULTADOS: Se desarrolló la Biblioteca Breve de Seguridad del Paciente, accesible en la web de la Comunidad de Madrid para navegación y como documento para descargar, con 154 referencias, estructuradas en 4 áreas: Recursos generales (74 referencias), Recursos por Área temática (51 referencias), Videos y multimedia (12 referencias) y Organismos y sitios web de interés (17 referencias). CONCLUSIONES: La Biblioteca Breve de Seguridad del Paciente puede contribuir a impulsar la cultura de seguridad en los centros sanitarios y a lograr mayor implicación de los ciudadanos en su seguridad, al poner a su disposición información fiable sobre esta dimensión transversal de la práctica clínica

BACKGROUND: Within the framework of the Patient Safety Strategy 2015-2020, the Regional Ministry of Health of the Community of Madrid developed two lines of action to consolidate the Patient Safety Culture through the dissemination of scientific knowledge in Patient Safety. The main objective was to identify, disseminate and improve access to relevant information on patient safety for patient-citizens, professionals and the organization itself through a pool of resources accessible on the Internet and intranet. METHODS: After an analysis of the tools and communication channel savailable to disseminate knowledge in patient safety, the references of interest were selected by a group of experts, a consultation tool was developed in a navigable format on the internet and various dissemination actions were carried out to make it known. RESULTS: The Biblioteca Breve de Seguridad del Paciente( Brief Patient Safety Library) was developed, accessible for navigation on the web of the Community of Madrid and as a download document, with 154 references, structured in 4areas: General resources (74 references), Resources by thematic area (51references), Videosand multimedia (12references) and Organizations and websites of interest (17references). CONCLUSIONS: The Biblioteca Brevede Seguridad del Paciente (Brief Patient Safety Library) can help to promote the safety culture in health centers and to achieve greater citizen involvement in their safety, by providing reliable information on this crosscutting dimension of clinical practice

[Infection by the Epstein-Barr virus between the years 2006-2015 in the health area of Santiago de Compostela. Relationship with age and sex]. / Primoinfección por el virus Epstein-Barr entre los años 2006 a 2015 en el área sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela. Relación con edad y sexo.

OBJECTIVE: In Spain, the age and sex to which the primary infection by EBV is produced is poorly studied. The objective of this work is to know its relation with the presence of the primary infection by EBV between the years 2006 and 2015 in our health area. METHODS: From the Santiago de Compostela health area between 2006 and 2015, 578 patients with serological patterns of EBV primoinfection were selected. This patients presented serological results of IgM-VCA positive, IgG-VCA positive and EBNA negative. RESULTS: We found 260/578 (45%) adolescents (11- 19 years). In the number of cases by age the maximum was observed, at 2 and 16 years. Between 14-19 years, 62% (79/127) of women between 14-16 years of age, median age 15.8 years (IQ: 14.8-16.4) compared to 48% (49/102) of men, median age 16 years (IQ: 15.7-16.6) (p = 0.032, p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: As in our study, in the developed countries the majority of primary infections by EBV occur in adolescence and a bimodal distribution is observed in relation to age. During adolescence women acquire before men the first infection by EBV.

Psycho-oncological support for breast cancer patients: A brief overview of breast cancer services certification schemes and national health policies in Europe.

Psycho-oncology addresses the psychological, social, behavioural, and ethical aspects of cancer. Identification and proper management of the patients' psychosocial needs, as well as the needs of their caregivers and family are essential for a person-centred concept of breast cancer care. The aim of this overview is to describe how psychosocial support in breast cancer is incorporated in cancer-related policy documents, such as national cancer plans and breast cancer care certification schemes.

Presence, characteristics and equity of access to breast cancer screening programmes in 27 European countries in 2010 and 2014. Results from an international survey.

The European Union Council Recommendation of 2 December 2003 on cancer screening suggests the implementation of organised, population-based breast cancer screening programmes based on mammography every other year for women aged 50 to 69years, ensuring equal access to screening, taking into account potential needs for targeting particular socioeconomic groups. A European survey on coverage and participation, and key organisational and policy characteristics of the programmes, targeting years 2010 and 2014, was undertaken in 2014. Overall, 27 countries contributed to this survey, 26 of the 28 European Union member states (92.9%) plus Norway. In 2014, 25 countries reported an ongoing population-based programme, one country reported a pilot programme and another was planning a pilot. In eight countries, the target age range was broader than that proposed by the Council Recommendation, and in three countries the full range was not covered. Fifteen countries reported not reaching some vulnerable populations, such as immigrants, prisoners and people without health insurance, while 22 reported that participation was periodically monitored by socioeconomic variables (e.g. age and territory). Organised, population-based breast cancer screening programmes based on routine mammograms are in place in most EU member states. However, there are still differences in the way screening programmes are implemented, and participation by vulnerable populations should be encouraged.

Analysis of genome-wide structure, diversity and fine mapping of Mendelian traits in traditional and village chickens.

Extensive phenotypic variation is a common feature among village chickens found throughout much of the developing world, and in traditional chicken breeds that have been artificially selected for traits such as plumage variety. We present here an assessment of traditional and village chicken populations, for fine mapping of Mendelian traits using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping while providing information on their genetic structure and diversity. Bayesian clustering analysis reveals two main genetic backgrounds in traditional breeds, Kenyan, Ethiopian and Chilean village chickens. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) reveals useful LD (r(2) ≥ 0.3) in both traditional and village chickens at pairwise marker distances of ~10 Kb; while haplotype block analysis indicates a median block size of 11-12 Kb. Association mapping yielded refined mapping intervals for duplex comb (Gga 2:38.55-38.89 Mb) and rose comb (Gga 7:18.41-22.09 Mb) phenotypes in traditional breeds. Combined mapping information from traditional breeds and Chilean village chicken allows the oocyan phenotype to be fine mapped to two small regions (Gga 1:67.25-67.28 Mb, Gga 1:67.28-67.32 Mb) totalling ~75 Kb. Mapping the unmapped earlobe pigmentation phenotype supports previous findings that the trait is sex-linked and polygenic. A critical assessment of the number of SNPs required to map simple traits indicate that between 90 and 110K SNPs are required for full genome-wide analysis of haplotype block structure/ancestry, and for association mapping in both traditional and village chickens. Our results demonstrate the importance and uniqueness of phenotypic diversity and genetic structure of traditional chicken breeds for fine-scale mapping of Mendelian traits in the species, with village chicken populations providing further opportunities to enhance mapping resolutions.

[Morbid obesity]. / Obesidad mórbida.

Morbid obesity (MO) is a serious disease caused by genetic and environmental factors, which is associated with multiple comorbid factors that impact very significantly on the amount and life quality. Obesity surgery is a complex surgery but not without complications, which objective is to achieve an ideal weight or cure obesity reducing comorbidities and improving the welfare of patients. The Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity (SEED) and the Spanish Society of Obesity Surgery (SECO) have developed a consensus document that allows the various professionals involved in the treatment of OM practical guidance in developing their own protocols in their work environment. In this context, the general and digestive service of the HUB team developed the clinical course of this surgical procedure because it is a tool that facilitates systematic care and multidisciplinary group of patients with a predictable clinical course, such as whether morbidly obese patients operated by laparotomy or laparoscopy.

Obesidad mórbida. Guía para elaborar una trayectoria clínica / Morbid obesity

La obesidad mórbida (OM) es una enfermedad grave, causada por diversos factores genéticos y ambientales, que se asocia a múltiples elementos de comorbilidad que repercuten de forma muy importante en la cantidad y calidad de vida. La cirugía de la obesidad es compleja, no exenta de complicaciones, cuyo objetivo no es alcanzar un peso ideal ni curar la obesidad, sino reducir significativamente las comorbilidades asociadas y mejorar el bienestar de los pacientes. En este contexto, La Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad (SEEDO) y la Sociedad Española de Cirugía de la Obesidad (SECO) han elaborado un documento de consenso que proporciona a los distintos profesionales implicados en el tratamiento de la OM una orientación práctica a la hora de desarrollar sus propios protocolo en su ámbito de trabajo. Siguiendo las recomendaciones de la SECO, el equipo de Cirugía General del Servicio del Aparato Digestivo del Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge (HUB) elaboró la trayectoria clínica de este proceso quirúrgico, ya que constituye una herramienta que facilita la atención sistemática y multidisciplinar de grupos de pacientes que presentan un curso clínico predecible, como son los pacientes obesos mórbidos ya sean intervenidos por laparotomía o bien mediante laparoscopia (AU)

Morbid obesity (MO) is a serious disease caused by genetic and environmental factors, which is associated with multiple comorbid factors that impact very significantly on the amount and life quality. Obesity surgery is a complex surgery, but not without complications, which objective is to achieve an ideal weight or cure obesity, reducing comorbidities and improving the welfare of patients. The Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity (SEED) and the Spanish Society of Obesity Surgery (SECO) have developed a consensus document that allows the various professionals involved in the treatment of OM practical guidance in developing their own protocols in their work environment. In this context, the general and digestive service of the HUB team developed the clinical course of this surgical procedure because it is a tool that facilitates systematic care and multidisciplinary group of patients with a predictable clinical course, such as whether morbidly obese patients operated by laparotomy or laparoscopy(AU)

Anti-angiogenic treatment (sunitinib) for disseminated malignant haemangiopericytoma: a case study and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: A meningeal haemangiopericytoma (HP) is a mesenchymal tumour that makes up less than 1% of all CNS tumours. HPs arise from pericytes and present high rates of recurrence and distant metastasis. The primary treatment option is surgery. When the disease is disseminated, chemotherapy produces a weak and short-lived response; therefore, new drugs are needed. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 65-year-old woman with a 13-year history of recurrent HP. After local treatment with radiotherapy, she developed metastases that required systemic treatment, and treatment with sunitinib, an oral inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, was initiated. As a result, radiological stabilisation of the systemic disease was maintained for over 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-angiogenic agents can be useful for treating disseminated HP, but further studies are needed to confirm their possible role in controlling metastatic disease.